【导语】“placenetcn”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了11篇定语从句的几种翻译方法，下面是小编帮大家整理后的定语从句的几种翻译方法，希望对大家有所帮助。
- 目录
篇1：定语从句句子翻译方法
定语从句句子翻译方法
1， 前置法
当从句结构和意义比较简单，不会对主句部分造成理解上的困难，此时可以前置法，把它翻译成“…的”的定语词组，并放在被修饰词的前面。将英语的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we can not help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
在这个句子中，关系代词指代前面的powers，这个简单的定语从句构成比较简单，只有几个单词构成，因此万学海文建议考生们在翻译的时候就要把它放在所修饰的先行词之前。参考译文：由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中相处地融洽，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
2，后置法
当从句结构较为复杂，意义较为繁琐，意思表达不清时，选择用后置法，此时把定语从句单独翻译成一个句子，放在原来它所修饰的词的后面，关系代词可以翻译为先行词，或者与先行词相对应的代词。
In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.
本句中含有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，一个用that引导，对于which引导的定语从句，无论从结构和意义上来说，都比较复杂，所以在翻译的时候，万学海文提醒考生们可以把它和先行词拆开，单独翻译成一个句子。That引导一个比较简单的定语从句，可以采用上面提到的1的翻译方法—前置法，因为它的构成比较简单，只有几个单词构成，因此在翻译的'时候就要把它放在所修饰的先行词之前。这个句子是方法1和2的结合，我们不妨把它背诵下来。
参考译文：在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功，这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社结合起来。
3， 状译法
英语当中有一些定语从句，不仅只是起到一个定语的修饰作用，而且在逻辑上与主句有状语关系，用来解释原因、条件、结果、让步等。此时，我们尽量从意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系，然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系，把定语从句翻译为状语从句。
There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
Monitor后面跟的定语从句与when引导的状语从句隐含着一种结果关系，翻译的时候，一定要表现出来。
参考译文：届时，将会出现由机器人主持的谈话节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。
篇2：定语从句的几种翻译方法
定语从句的几种翻译方法
中文修饰名词的成分常在名词前边,英文的修饰性从句恰恰在后边,这一根本性的'差别迫使译者在翻译时必须善于变通.定语从句翻译时的变通主要在于调整从句的类别.大多数定语从句都不一定翻译成中文的定语,而可以灵活变通译成各种类型的状语或转换成其他类型的从句,甚至译成独立的句子.
作 者：骆敏 作者单位：山东科技大学,泰安校区,公共课部,山东,泰安,271000 刊 名：湖南科技学院学报 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF HUNAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 年，卷(期)：2007 28(11) 分类号：H159 关键词：定语从句 前置 后置 状语 修饰篇3：试论定语从句的翻译方法
试论定语从句的翻译方法
在英语中定语从句的使用频率非常高,对定语从句的.理解一直是翻译中经常遇到而又有相当难度的问题.如何正确理解英语定语从句并把它用汉语准确地表达出来显得格外重要.文章并未按传统方式将定语从句分为限制性和非限制性加以讨论,而是通过对比英汉语言差异而归纳出定语从句汉译时的基本规律,并介绍和归纳几种常见的翻译定语从句的方法.
作 者：周成 王慧 ZHOU Cheng WANG Hui 作者单位：成都大学外国语学院,四川成都,610106 刊 名：成都大学学报（教育科学版） 英文刊名：JOURNAL OF CHENGDU UNIVERSITY(EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES EDITION) 年，卷(期)：2008 22(1) 分类号：H319.3 关键词：英语 定语从句 英汉语言差异 翻译方法篇4：考研英语 定语从句翻译三大方法
考研英语 定语从句翻译三大方法
根据我们英语考研（微博）辅导专家们多年的教学统计，定语从句在翻译部分的考查几乎每年都有，在的考研英语中，5个考查的句子就有4个是定语从句。这从一个侧面显示，掌握定语从句的翻译方法是多么的重要，在此英语辅导老师们结合历年真题分析，总结定语从句在翻译中的方法技巧，希望对考生有帮助。
一、定语从句介绍
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词引出。定语从句分为限定性和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定的作用，中间不用逗号隔开；非限定性定语从句与先行词之间的关系比较松散，和主句之间逻辑上存在明显的状语关系，说明原因、时间、条件、目的结果等。
二、定语从句翻译方法
1， 前置法
当从句结构和意义比较简单，不会对主句部分造成理解上的困难，此时可以前置法，把它翻译成“…的”的定语词组，并放在被修饰词的前面。将英语的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a commonlife we can not help considering whether or not we are forming the powers whichwill secure this ability.（2009，翻译 49）
在这个句子中，关系代词指代前面的powers，这个简单的定语从句构成比较简单，只有几个单词构成，因此建议考生们在翻译的时候就要把它放在所修饰的先行词之前。参考译文：由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中相处地融洽，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
2，后置法
当从句结构较为复杂，意义较为繁琐，意思表达不清时，选择用后置法，此时把定语从句单独翻译成一个句子，放在原来它所修饰的词的后面，关系代词可以翻译为先行词，或者与先行词相对应的代词。
In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-mediagroups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring togethertelevision, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work inrelation to one another.（ 翻译 47）
本句中含有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，一个用that引导，对于which引导的定语从句，无论从结构和意义上来说，都比较复杂，所以在翻译的时候，提醒考生们可以把它和先行词拆开，单独翻译成一个句子。That引导一个比较简单的定语从句，可以采用上面提到的1的翻译方法―前置法，因为它的构成比较简单，只有几个单词构成，因此在翻译的时候就要把它放在所修饰的先行词之前。这个句子是方法1和2的结合，我们不妨把它背诵下来。
参考译文：在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功，这些集团将相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社结合起来。
3， 状译法
英语当中有一些定语从句，不仅只是起到一个定语的'修饰作用，而且在逻辑上与主句有状语关系，用来解释原因、条件、结果、让步等。此时，我们尽量从意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系，然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系，把定语从句翻译为状语从句。
There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars withpollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.(2001,翻译 46)
Monitor后面跟的定语从句与when引导的状语从句隐含着一种结果关系，翻译的时候，一定要表现出来。
参考译文：届时，将会出现由机器人主持的谈话节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。
总之，在碰到类似翻译题型的时候，要认真地分析句子的结构和理顺句子的逻辑关系，在此基础上确定到底用什么方法来翻译，符合中文的表达习惯和语言思维结构。
大学网考研频道。篇5：定语从句翻译句子
自由式定语从句
自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式，在句中充当不同的句子成分，故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看，其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句，因此，其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。
Examples:
Thus the Arab Umayyed Dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medina to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.
Chinese Translation No. 1:
人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯麦伍德哈里发王朝阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团；该王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。
Chinese Translation No. 2:
阿拉伯麦伍德王朝的统治者们征服了……，于661年将首都从麦地那迁往大马士革，但此后他们便成了不折不扣的寄生虫。
嵌套式定语从句
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似，拆开来也是一个独立的`定语从句，只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。
Examples:
Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.
Chinese Translation No. 1:
同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国；在那里被巴格达哈里发雇为雇佣军。
Chinese Translation No. 2:
东边也是塞尔柱突厥人。他们从自己的家乡中亚地区来到伊斯兰教帝国，充当了巴格达哈里发的雇佣军。
并列式定语从句
并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的简称，指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况。
Examples:
This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.
这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。
一主二仆式定语从句
Examples:
The old ways of earning a living was rivaled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power.
古老的谋生之道正受到新农业技术、新贸易和新行业的挑战。其中，这些新兴的行业使用一些奇怪的机器。这些机器无需传统的人力和畜力，非常节省劳动力。
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
它有助于说明，为什么发源于中国的许多发明和希腊罗马人所知道的许多发明，只是在西欧人手中才得到全面发展和充分利用。
Consequently the manor was a self-sufficient village that was worked by serfs who were not free to leave, and who with their labor supported a hierarchy of lay and clerical lords.
因而，采邑是靠农奴经营的自给自足的村庄；农奴不能随便离开，并以其劳动养活教俗封建集团。
Not Surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest.
Chinese Translation No. 1:
毫不奇怪，苏丹出现了最复杂的政治组织，在那里，长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响最为强烈。
Chinese Translation No. 2:
苏丹的长途贸易发展得最快，伊斯兰教的影响也最大。在那里出现最为复杂的政治组织是毫不奇怪的。
Our aim is to establish in Ghana a strong and progressive society ... where poverty and illiteracy no longer exist and disease is brought under control; and where our educational facilities provide all the children of Ghana with the best possible opportunities for the development of their potentialities.
我们的目标是要在加纳建立一个强大、进步的社会......在这里，贫困和文盲不再存在，疾病得到控制；在这里，我们的教育机构为加纳所有的孩子提供发展他们的潜力的最好机会。
Even so the Lisbon government admitted in MARCH 1970 that a major attack had been launched by guerrillas who were armed with mortars and automatic weapons and who inflicted “many” Portuguese casualties.
即使如此，里斯本政府仍于1970年3月承认，配备迫击炮和自动武器的游击队已发动了一次大规模的进攻，使葡萄牙人蒙受“重大”伤亡。
At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.
Chinese Translation No.1:
处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里，种族混合十分广泛，而且正在继续进行，因此，种族歧视较少。
Chinese Translation No.2:
最为典型的则要数夏威夷和巴西了。在这两个地方，种族混合非常普遍，而且将会有增无减；而相对来说，种族歧视问题就不怎么严重了。
He was also an old-line Stalinist who had spent 16 years in Hungarian jails in the interwar period and who was now unwilling to share authority with the “nationalist“ Hungarian Communists.
他还是一位老牌的斯大林主义者，曾在两次世界大战之间的时期内在匈牙利监狱呆了，因而这时不愿与”民族主义的“匈牙利共产党人分享权力。
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,那么,儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.
在20世纪以前,小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点,因而无法成为具有个性的人;他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。
Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.
虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式,但是行星的数目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。
Taking his cue from Ibsen’sA Doll’s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband’s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.
易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走,因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示,从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己,她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。
篇6：英语定语从句翻译句子
1. 正在跑步的男孩是我的好朋友。
2. 他是我们正在寻找的男孩。
3. 昨天给我们上课的妇女是他的姑姑。
4. 她是我们昨天帮助的女孩。
5. 正在打扫校车的女孩是我们的班长。
6. 他是我所见到最高的学生。
7. 这是我去年买的手表。
8. 他是刚才唱歌的男孩。
9. 正在游泳的女孩是我们的同学。
10. 他是在医院里帮助过我的医生。
篇7：英语定语从句翻译句子
1、这是我昨天买的自行车。
2、他是我昨天遇见的男。
3、你昨天给我买的书很有趣。
4、这是我想要的钢笔。
5、那是他正在照顾的小孩。
6、正站在柜台后的女士是我妈妈。
7、在桌子上的书是我的。
8、这是我们买玩具的商店。
9、这是帮助过我的男人。
10、他是买这本书的男士。
篇8：英语定语从句翻译句子
1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. who B. which C. who D. /
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what B. which C. as D. ./
17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
篇9：定语从句造句带翻译
1、自由式定语从句
自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式，在句中充当不同的句子成分，故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看，其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句，因此，其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。
Examples:
Thus the Arab Umayyed Dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medina to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.
Chinese Translation No. 1:
人们开始理由充分地认为，阿拉伯麦伍德哈里发王朝阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团;该王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革 。
Chinese Translation No. 2:
阿拉伯麦伍德王朝的统治者们征服了……，于661年将首都从麦地那迁往大马士革，但此后他们便成了不折不扣的寄生虫。
2、嵌套式定语从句
嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似，拆开来也是一个独立的定语从句，只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。
Examples:
Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central Asian homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.
Chinese Translation No. 1:
同样，在东方是塞尔柱突厥人，他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国;在那里被巴格达哈里发雇为雇佣军。
Chinese Translation No. 2:
东边也是塞尔柱突厥人。他们从自己的家乡中亚地区来到伊斯兰教帝国，充当了巴格达哈里发的雇佣军。
3、并列式定语从句
并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的.简称，指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况。
Examples:
This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.
这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击;因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。
【定语从句的翻译技巧】
一、前置法
当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组,放置于被修饰的词之前,将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003)
本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。
译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。
But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.(1998,71)
这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。
译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
二、单独成句
当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰的先行词的后面的话，会显得定语太过于臃肿和复杂，而无法让评卷老师看的清清楚楚，明明白白。所以这个时候我们要把定语从句单独翻译出来,放置于原来它所修饰的词的后面当定语。同时当定语从句是一个非限定性定语从句的时候，往往也要单独成句。
Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” (2003,64)
在这个句子中，whole后面是一个很长的定语从句，无论从结构和意义上看都较为复杂，所以翻译时可以和先行词拆开。
译文：泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(2004,61)
“which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子;在定语从句中long before引导时间状语从句修饰动词短语Take Root，在状语从句中又包含了一个由how引导的宾语从句，作realized的宾语。句中Take root in作“扎根“讲。因此这个非限定性定语从句是较为复杂的，所以我们采用单独成句的翻译方法。
译文：“希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程有着某种关系，这种观点在人们认识到语言的千差万别之前就在欧洲扎了根。”
三、融合法
把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，定语从句译成谓语。这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be”句型中。
There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
There are many people who are interested in the new invention.
很多人对这项发明感兴趣。
四、状译法
英语中有些定语从句,不仅仅起到一个定语修饰的作用，而且在逻辑上(即意义上)与主句有状语关系,表示原因、让步、转折等等关系。所以广大考生在翻译的时候，应尽量从英语句子的意义上发现这些逻辑上的关系,然后翻译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系来。
比如：
Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.(1997,71)
在这个句子中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account，而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句，修饰something。这个定语从句在这里有一个转折的逻辑关系在里边，所以要翻译出来!
译文：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
篇10：定语从句翻译复杂句子
同学们，如果给你复杂的定语从句你是否会翻译呢？怎么翻译呢？
翻译练习(定语从句)
1.李昂就是那个决心清除社会上所有坏蛋的职业杀手。
Leonwas a professional killerwhowas determined to get rid of all the bad guys in the society.
2.玛蒂尔德就是那个父母都已离世的可怜的小女孩。
Mathilda was a poor little girlwhoseparents both died.
3.足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。
Football is a team workthattrains children to work with others.
4.你想见的那个人住进了这家宾馆。
The manwhomyou want to seechecked in this hotel.
5.这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂。
This is the factory(which/that )we visited yesterday.
6.我昨天收到的那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。
The letter(which/that)I received yesterdaywas from a friend of mine.
7.他常常回忆起童年在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的日子。
He often recalls the days of his childhoodwhenhe and his grandfather went fishing by the river.
8.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
This is the housewhereLu Xun once lived.
This is the housein whichLu Xun once lived.
This is the housewhichLu Xun once livedin.
9.我们不知道他没有来的原因。
We don’t know the reasonwhyhe didn’t show up.
We don’t know the reasonthathe didn’t show up.(×)
10.中国政府正在大力发展农业，农业的重要性现在已是人人皆知。
Chinese government is trying to develop agriculture with great efforts, the importanceof whichis now known to everybody.
11.会议延期了，而这正是我们所希望的。
The meeting was put off,which/aswas exactly what we wanted.
12.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.
This is the best film (which)I have ever seen.(×)
篇11：定语从句翻译复杂句子
英语句子中某个需要修饰的词语后面可以接无数的定语从句，而汉语句子中需要修饰的词语前不能放过多的修饰语(定语)。另外，英语定语从句的结构还具有一些特点，即蔓生式(The rates at which the molecules move depend upon the energy they have.)，并列式(The house (that) he bought in 1968，and which he sold two years later，is again on the market.)，连环套式(There was one thing (that) he told me which I don’t believe at all.)。基于这些结构上的差异，在翻译定语从句的时候，可以选择以下几种方法：
1. 前置法
比较简短的英语定语从句，可以译成作定语的短语，置于所修饰词语之前。
例如：
·You must make full use of the money there is left to you and think of a plan to make more.
你必须充分利用所剩的`钱，而且要想法赚更多的钱。
·The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
·This is the cat that killed the rat.
这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。
·For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.
例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。
·Behaviorists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.
相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有条件而造成的。
2. 后置法
当定语从句较长时, 如果翻译成前置的定语, 就会不符合汉语的表达习惯, 在这种情况下, 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句, 放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时, 一般遵循的原则是：若保留先行词, 则在第二个分句中加以重复, 若省略, 则两个并列分句中均不再保留。当然, 在实际的翻译过程中也有例外。
·All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster.
在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量， 一定会以某种方式通过细管子，这只有靠加快流速才能做到。(后置)
·Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.
也许，光是某种电波，其性质我们尚不清楚。(后置)
·This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
这种困境将是确定无疑的, 因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方法继续下去了, 而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。(后置)
·“In short”, a leader of the new school attends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”
新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之, 我们所称谓的科学革命，主要指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。” (后置)
·The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
食品的供应将赶不上人口的增长, 这就意味著我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机。(后置)
·You consulted the man who had no idea about that subject at all?
那个家伙对这一主题一无所知，你却去咨询他?(前置)
·They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which，in the past，many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 (后置)
·Nearly everyone knows the story of “the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack built.”
几乎人人都知道这个故事：“杰克盖了房，房里堆了粮，耗子把粮吃光，猫把耗子抓着，狗又把猫逼上房。”(后置)
3. 溶合法
所谓溶合就是把原句中的主语和定语从句合并在一起，译成一个独立的句子。
例如：
·There are more and more foreign investors who have the intention to do business and live in Dalian.
越来越多的外国投资者有意向在大连经商和生活。
·They are a nation that must beg to stay alive.
他们那个国家不讨饭就活不下去。
·Objects that do not transmit light cause shadows.
不透光的物体造成阴影。
4.分离法
有些定语从句较长，结构较复杂，或意思上独立性较强，在逻辑意义上有追述、分层叙述、转折等作用。这时可将英语的定语从句从主句中分离出来，译成独立的成分。
例如：
·Nowhere is the clash between development and environment more visible than in China, where the world’s largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a large scale.
在中国，发展与环境的矛盾表现得尤为明显。这个世界上人口最多的国家正面临着环境污染、森林减少以及大范围酸雨侵袭。
·There are 107 elements found in nature, most of which ( =and most of them)are metals.
自然界发现的元素有107种，其中大部分是金属。
5. 译成有状语功能的分句
·We know that a cat，whose eyes can take in many more rays
of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫黑夜也能看得很清楚。
(原因)
·Chaplin, whose mother was ill for many years, had to dance in streets to earn money .
由于母亲病了好多年，卓别林不得不到街头表演去挣钱。
(原因)
·I invited that friend, who came on time.
我邀请了那位朋友，他就按时来了。
(结果)
·He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.他做了一架望远镜，使他能够研究天空。
(结果)
·Anyone who wants to can go for a walk.
谁想去散步就可以去。
(条件)
·Nothing is difficult in the world for anyone, who dares to scale the height.
世上无难事，只要肯登攀。
(条件)
·The young man needed a visa that would enable him to study in the United States.
这位青年需要得到签证，以便前往美国学习。
(目的)
·But the Southern States wanted to set up a country of their
own, where they would be free to keep black slaves.
但是南方各州却想建立他们自己的国家，以便在那里他们可以随心所欲地继续把黑人当作奴隶。
(目的)
·The scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment.
那位科学家虽已筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。
(让步)
·He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.
他坚持再买一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
(让步)
6. 其他译法
把翻译简单定语从句的方法贯通其中，如译成定语 + 句子成分(即把一个从句译成定语，另一个从句译成句子成分);或译成并列句(或句子成分)+ 状语从句(即把一个从句译成并列句或句子成分，另一个从句译成状语从句)等。例如：
·At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil，where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor.
处于一个极端的是夏威夷和巴西，在那里种族混合十分普遍，而且正在继续，因此，种族歧视较少。
(并列句+状语从句)
EXERCISES
I. SENTENCE TRANSLATION
1. Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
2. And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans.
3. Not surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest.
4. This hope was nurtured by the great victories won by Genghis khan’s grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian.
5. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which，in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
6. It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
7. A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.
8.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.
9. Kissinger and his small group of aids toured the Forbidden City，where the Chinese emperors once lived in lofty splendor.
10.The time will surely come when the Chinese people will realize the four modernizations.
★ 定语从句练习题
★ 定语从句单句改错
★ 初中定语从句试题
★ 定语从句教学设计
定语从句的几种翻译方法（精选11篇）
