“dadel饼干”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了10篇托福阅读细节题的考查重点，下面给大家分享托福阅读细节题的考查重点，欢迎阅读!
- 目录
篇1：托福阅读细节题的考查重点
托福阅读细节题的考查重点
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的托福阅读细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。
托福阅读如何抓住文章重点
In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
1. 划线部分为句子的主干，其中that为代词，指代approach, 此处译为“方式”最为贴切，因此主干的意思很简单 --- “人们倾向于有一种方式， 与那种方式不同”
2. 句子另一个难点就是代词that后紧跟了一个which引导的定语从句，令人在视觉上感到奇怪，其实that在此就是approach跟定语从句就是必然，否则就不知所云了
3. 句中还有两个省略了whom的定语从句，将之补全如下
In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those (whom)they consider their equals from that which they assume with people (whom) they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
whom 在定语从句中都做了consider的宾语(前者相当于为consider whom their equals双宾语的用法, 后者相当于consider whom higher or lower宾补的用法)
4. 直译如下 (我是尽可能地直, as “直” as possible)
在日常生活中， 人们倾向于用一种方式去对待他们认为与自己社会地位同等的人，而采用另一种不同的方式去对待他们认为比自己社会地位高或低的人
(直得有些让人莫名其妙, 对吗?)
5. 意译如下
在日常生活中，人们采用什么方式对待其他人，这主要取决于对其社会地位的判断，对与己地位等同的人采用一种方式，而对与己地位不同的人则采用截然不同的方式去对待.
托福阅读不同题型的审题实用技巧讲解
细节题推断题修辞目的题如何审题技巧
对于托福阅读中的细节题，推断题和修辞目的题，审题是非常关键的。如果考生审题不清晰，或是直接看选项对比原文，很容易会答非所问。而提升这类题型的审题效率需要从两个方面进行强化。一方面是阅读词汇，词汇是基础，掌握了一定量的词汇才能无障碍理解题目;另一方面要注重题目问的是什么，是what，why，where还是which。与此同时要特别注意题目中的逻辑关系，这不仅能帮助我们定位原文细节，还能提升考生对题目的理解能力。
实例讲解
【官方真题Official1】Timberline Vegetation on Mountains中的第三题：Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the upper and lower timberlines?
拿到题目后首先看疑问词，问的是which，另外infer出现表示这是一道推断题，这两步骤都可以一扫而过，关键点在about之后，找到要我们推断的点是什么，此题问的是the upper and lower timberlines，and的出现表示是并列结构，也就说下面选项中所推断的信息必须同时符合the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines的特征，必须是共同的特征。理解清楚题目后再回原文找the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines，找到他们描述的共同点就是答案所在之处了。
托福阅读中无需审题也能解答的题型分析
除了上述审题十分关键的托福阅读题型外，还有一些题型不需要仔细审题，看到题目后直接按照老师所讲解题方式解题。这包括词汇题，指代题(此类题型现在基本不考)，句子简化题，句子插入题和全文总结题(6选3)。词汇题和指代题会在原文中标注出考查的单词或词组，我们考试时无需花太多时间读题，只要知道考查的是什么词，直接回原文阅读或直接对比选项。句子简化题，插入题和全文总结题的题干很长，但固定，也就是说这一题型的题干每次都一样。如果每次花时间阅读，费事又不一定理解正确。所以一定在考前学习时先仔细阅读分析句子简化题的题干，理解出题原则和解题要求，牢记于心，考试的时候就无需再花时间阅读题干，直接分析考查的句子即可。
托福阅读加试的各类细节介绍
托福考试为什么会有加试?
首先我们要搞清托福加试是一种收集研究数据、测试新研发试题难度及可靠性的手段，是保证广大考生获得公平、精确和有效的测试而开展的标准化工作的核心部分。当然，不仅是托福考试，加试题这种形式在很多其他的考试中都广泛存在。
托福阅读加试出现形式介绍
托福考生往往会在阅读部分碰到加试试题。托福阅读部分正常的考题是三篇文章，总计时间为54分钟。如果有加考，考生将在做了三篇文章之后被要求再做一篇，时间大约为18分钟。托福阅读加试有两种：经典加试和非经典加试。经典加试的出现几率大于非经典加试。考生一定要熟悉阅读经典加试的题目，这样才能在考试中获取更高的加试分数。话虽如此，如今托福考试对于加试已经做出了很多调整，其中关于经典加试的部分也已经发生改变，一方面如今的经典加试题也有可能会是正式算分题，另一方面以前的经典加试题目正在逐渐被新的加试题取代，考生已经越来越难区分经典加试的概念了。
托福阅读加试细节：考生无法分辨哪篇是加试
托福阅读加试题都是随机出现的，与考生之前的答题情况没有关系。而且，不只是加考篇目，整个阅读篇目也没有固定的顺序，同一考场不同考生遇到的篇目顺序也是不同的，或者说是随机的。考生在应试过程中不会被告知哪道题是加试题。要想判断加考题，只有考试结束，考生互相比对自己做到的题目，那些不是每个人都做到的题目才是加考题。因此考生在考试时需要把每道题都按照考试题一样认真对待，既不要害怕，也不要抱有侥幸心理。
托福阅读加试是否算分?
说到这里，细心的考生可能会问：托福阅读加试算不算分，它对考生最终的成绩有没有影响呢?这也是小编将会重点和大家谈到的问题，下面一起来看看吧。
托福阅读加试作为一个标杆来衡量考试的难度，不计入考试的分数，但有可能会影响到考生的成绩。托福加试对考生的分数有没有影响要看这场考试考生的整体水平：
1. 如果考试正确率比加试正确率高，说明考题偏容易，也就是高分档的学生比较多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些高分的学生减分。给哪些学生减分呢?当然是加试做得不好的学生。
2. 如果考试正确率比加试正确率低，说明考题偏难，也就是低分档的学生比较多，那么ETS将给分数的分布作相应的调整，也就是给一些低分的学生加分。给哪些学生加分呢?当然是加试做得好的学生。
3. 如果考试正确率和加试正确率持平，实现了正态分布，考生的分数则不需要调整了。
篇2：文言文阅读考查重点
文言文阅读考查重点
1．词汇量包括实词和虚词，词汇量的掌握当然越大越好。大到多少呢？其底线就是高中六册所出现的全部实词和虚词。所以复习中梳理一下你应该掌握的实词和虚词在课文中出现过的所有义项。这点上，除有意识记取一些生疏、忘却的词语外，最好的'方法还是多读读课文，到能熟读成诵的地步，课文内容记住了，词汇也就忘不掉了，解加点词解释、翻译句子等题目的能力就大大加强了。
2．语法掌握的熟练程度语法掌握牢固了，对古汉语的语言特点就掌握牢固了，所谓的“语感”也就强了。语感强的，就知道“让他活”，古人是讲成“活之”的；“用绳捆住他”，古人是讲成“系之以绳”的。这样即使叫你为“以人能曳之以绳络之以羁鞭之以捶楚”这段写人如何对牛、马、猱的文字标点，你决不会标成“以人能曳之，以绳络之，以羁鞭之，以捶楚”，因为“以绳络之”，“以羁鞭之”是以现代文语感来标点的，古人是讲“以人能曳之以绳，络之以羁，鞭之以捶楚”的，讲穿了，“介词结构后置”这一特点掌握了，给这句标点的能力就强了。
3．上下联系判断的能力再以上文提及的“曳之以绳，络之以羁，鞭之以捶楚”为例，“以绳、以羁”中，“绳、羁”都各是一种用具，那最后的“捶楚”是用具吗？是一种还是两种用具？首先，根据“对文”知识，应判断：句子结构相同，那么处在相同位置上的词，其解释也应类似，即也是用具。第二，从“鞭之以”来分析，“捶楚”是一种拿来“鞭打”的用具。第三，从下文“无绳而欲服牛，无羁而欲乘马，无捶楚而欲戏猱”的句子看，它更是用具了。第四，从加点词要求解释“楚”看，可判断为“一种鞭打的用具”了。考后一查：捶，通棰，鞭子。楚，古代抽打用的小杖。
4．在遇有读不通的地方，要有看看前后是否有省略的能力，要有判断这个词是否与哪个词相通的能力
5．掌握并运用一定的古代文化常识的能力
篇3：托福阅读：细节题如何做
托福阅读：细节题如何做?
托福考试中考生最爱轻视的就是托福阅读，原因是绝大部分考生感觉阅读是强项，对于强项不用过多的重视，然而这种认知不一定准确。通过很多例子我们发现到不少抱有这样想法这样的考生，自认新托福阅读不错的，实际考出来的分数只有22分左右，甚至会更低。那么我们解决这种窘境呢?
ETS对阅读高水平(High level)的评定标准是22—30分。而事实上，阅读如果达不到25分以上，总分想要过百会比较困难，因为这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大部分人比较弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见，阅读取得高分对于获得百分以上的托福成绩是一种保证!
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。
否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。
托福词汇积累之游泳类词汇
back stroke 仰泳
side stroke 侧泳
butterfly stroke 蝶泳
dolphin butterfly stroke 海豚式蝶泳
treading water 踩水
underwater swimming 潜泳
swimming pool with artificial waves 人工海浪泳池
artificial waves 人工海浪
swimming trunks 泳裤
swimsuit, swimming suit 泳衣
swimming cap 泳帽
bikini 比基尼泳衣
surfing 冲浪
surfboard 冲浪板
water ski 滑水橇
swimming pool 游泳池
changing room 更衣室
shower 淋浴
diving platform 跳台
ten-meter platform 10米跳台
five-meter platform 5米跳台
three-meter springboard 3米跳板
one-meter springboard 1米跳板
diving pool 跳水池
non-swimmer's pool 浅水池
swimmer's pool 深水池
starting block 出发台
starting dive 出发起跳
rope with cork floats 水线
swimming lane 泳道
touching the finishing line 终点触线
timekeeper 计时员
lifesaver, lifeguard 救生员
land drill 陆上练习
breaststroke 蛙泳
crawl stroke 爬泳
托福词汇积累之球类运动词汇
centre kick 中线发球
goal kick 球门发球
throw in, line-out 边线发球
to score a goal 射门得分
to convert a try 对方球门线后触地得分
batsman 板球运动员
batter 击球运动员
men's singles 单打运动员
in the mixed doubles 混合双打
football 足球
rugby 橄榄球
basketball 篮球
volleyball 排球
tennis 网球
baseball 垒球
handball 手球
hockey 曲棍球
golf 高尔夫球
cricket 板球
ice hockey 冰球
goalkeeper 球门员
托福词汇积累之肢体相关词汇
forehead额头;
temple太阳穴;
cheek脸颊;
nose鼻子;
mouth嘴;
lip嘴唇;
throat喉咙;
tooth牙齿;
tongue舌头;
neck脖子;
brain脑;
navel肚脐;
abdomen腹部;
shoulder肩;
waist腰部;
thigh大腿;
lung肺;
stomach胃;
elbow肘;
calf小腿肚;
toe脚趾;
sole脚底
篇4：托福阅读细节题要注意什么呢
托福阅读细节题要注意什么呢?
有很多对自己的阅读能力有信心的同学都遇到过这样的局面，明明看懂了文章却还是有很多题会做错。其实这并不是同学们的阅读能力的问题，而是不小心踏入了托福阅读的陷阱中了。
那么我们怎样才能跳出托福阅读题中的陷阱，在原阅读成绩的基础上再提升一个阶段呢?以托福阅读题型中的细节题为例，帮大家分析一下怎么才能不中出题者的圈套。
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择“Puget Sound”作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是“White-tailed Deer”，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C 都与定位句信息无关。
所以说在做托福阅读部分时，应该快慢相结合，即例子句，修饰句等可以略读，文章首段、每段首尾句等都要精读，尤其是问题，一定要确保每个单词都读到，这样才能从总体上把握出题人到底问什么，才不会掉入出题人提前设置好的误区圈套中。教育提醒同学们在复习阅读过程中也可以自己总结每类题的答题技巧，出题人的出题方向，哪些地方可能会设置误区等，从出题人的角度来看问题，就能避免很多不必要的错误。
可以看出即使是这种托福阅读题型也是有应对方法的，大家要多思考多分析，发现托福阅读题中的规律，这样在以后大家解答托福阅读的时候才能更有效率。
托福听力练习对照文本
Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines.
从报纸离开，我们现在集中在杂志上。
Now, the first magazine was a little periodical called The Review, and it was started in London in 1704.
好，第一个杂志是一个小期刊，叫做The Review，它于17始于伦敦。
It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time, but in terms of its content, it was much different.
它看起来很像当时的杂志，但是从它的内容方面(来看)，它有很大不同。
Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but The Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government.
报纸所涉及的主要是新闻事件，但是The Review集中在当日重要的国内议题和政府的政策上。
Now, in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king.
好吧，在那个时期的英国，人们仍然会因为发表对国王不满的文章而被扔进监狱。
And that's what happened to Daniel Defoe.
这事儿就发生在了Daniel Defoe身上。
He was the outspoken founder of The Review.
他是The Review的直言不讳的创始人。
Defoe actually wrote the first issue of The Review from prison!
事实上Defoe写的The Review第一个议题就来自监狱。
You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king.
你看，他被逮捕是因为他的批评英国国教的政策的文章，那是由国王领导的。
After his release, Defoe continued to produce The Review, and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week.
获释之后，Defoe继续创作The Review，并且该杂志开始在一个更频繁的时间表上出现，大约一周三次。
It didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up.
其他杂志没多久也开始流行。
In 1709, a magazine called The Tatler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.
在17，一个叫做The Tatler杂志开始出版。这个新杂志包含了一个新闻，诗歌，政治分析，和哲学短文。
托福听力练习对照文本
There's an art exhibition here on campus which ties in well with the discussions we're had about folk art.
校园这儿有一个艺术展览同我们讨论过的民间艺术结合的很好。
It's an exhibition of wildlife art calendars from about a hundred years ago.
这是来自大约一百年前的野生生物的艺术日历的一个展览。
Like most other folk art, the calendar pictures were not considered to be art in their own day.
像大多数其他民间艺术一样，日历的图画在他们自己的时代并没有被认为是艺术。
People just thought of them as a way of decorating a practical object.
人们仅仅把它们当做装饰一个实际的物体的方式。
In fact, the calendar pictures were originally printed as advertising for various companies that made hunting or fishing products, like guns or fishing rods.
事实上，日历图画本来是当做不同的公司制作的狩猎或钓鱼产品，比如枪或者鱼竿的广告来印刷的。
The calendars were handed out free to customers to thank them for their business.
这些日历是免费发给顾客的，为了他们(公司)的生意来感谢他们(顾客)。
Most people just hung the calendars on their walls where the pictures faded in the sun, and then tore the picture off the calendar as each month passed.
大多数人仅仅是把日历挂在他们的墙上，在那里图画会在阳光中褪色，然后当每个月过去时，把图画从日历上撕下来。
As a result, collectors today place a lot of value on calendars that are complete and in good condition.
结果，收藏家给那些完整并且情况良好的日历估定了很多的价值。
Even though the people who used the calendars didn't regard them as art, the original paintings the prints were made from were often of good quality.
虽然使用日历的人没有认为它们是艺术，被制成印刷品的原画通常是质量很好的。
In fact, many famous wildlife painters created calendar art at some point in their lives.
事实上，许多著名的野生生物画家在他们人生中的某一时刻创造了日历艺术。
To them, it was a way of getting their work reproduced and shown around.
对他们来说，这是一个让他们的作品复制并流传的方式。
One aspect of the exhibit that I find very interesting is the way these pictures reflect changing attitudes toward wildlife.
我发现这个展览非常有趣的一个方面是这些图画反映了对野生生物的态度的变化。
The pictures in the exhibit often portray the thrill and adventure of hunting rather than any particular concern for wildlife preservation.
展览中的图画经常描绘狩猎的刺激和冒险，而不是任何对野生生物保护的特殊的关心。
But most of today's wildlife art shows animals in their natural surroundings without any humans in the scene.
但是今天的大部分的野生生物艺术展现了动物在自然环境中没有任何人类的场景。
This modern wildlife art appeals to large numbers of nature lovers, even those who oppose the practice of hunting.
这种现代野生生物艺术吸引力大量的自然爱好者，甚至那些反对有狩猎习惯的(人)。
托福听力练习对照文本
As many of you already know, March is Women's History Month, so it's just a few weeks until the university begins its annual observance.
正如你们许多人已经知道的，三月是女性历史月，因此到大学开始它的年度庆祝就只有几周了。
The Women's Studies Program, in conjunction with the College Life Office, is pleased to announce that a full schedule of events is planned throughout March.
女性研究项目，连同大学生活办公室，很高兴地宣布，一个贯穿整个三月的满满的活动安排已经计划出来。
The opening activity will be a lecture by Dr. Linda Thompson, coordinator of the Women's Studies Program; she'll talk about the status of women on college campuses.
开幕活动将会是女性研究项目的协调员，Linda Thompson博士的一个演讲，她将谈论大学校园的妇女地位。
All students are invited to attend at eight p.m. on March first in the Student Center, Room 112.
所有学生都被邀请出席，在三月一日晚八点，学生中心，112房间。
On March fourth, the Student Center Café will offer a forum for women poets to read their works.
在三月四号，学生中心咖啡馆将会为女性诗人朗读她们的作品提供一个讨论会。
The English department's Kate Benson will read from her recently published poetry collection The Ways of a Woman.
英语系的Kate Benson将会朗读来自她近期出版的诗集：一个女人的道路。
Student poets will be encouraged to share their poems as well.
学生诗人也将被鼓励去分享她们的诗作。
Interested people should sign up at the Women's Studies Office.
有兴趣的人可以在女性研究办公室报名参加。
On the fifteenth, come out and hear Thomas Lane, author of the best-selling The Gender Connection, talk about male-female relationships.
在十五号，出来听听Thomas Lane，最畅销的《性别关系》的作者，谈论男女关系。
The talk will be held in the Student Center Auditorium at 7:30 p.m. with a reception to follow.
谈话将于晚上7:30在学生中心礼堂举行，之后会有招待会。
Lots of other events are being planned, including a show of the work of women artists, a panel discussion about women's legal issues, and more.
很多其他的活动在计划之中，包括一个女性艺术家的作品展示，一个关于女性法律问题的专题讨论会，以及更多的(活动)
Check the campus paper for times and places, or stay tuned to WRUC for further details.
时间和地点查查校报，或者持续收听WRUC(Wireless Radio of Union College)来(获取)进一步的细节。
篇5：托福阅读细节题定义
细节题又叫事实信息题，考察的是学生对阅读文章中明确指出的基本信息的理解，一般在一篇文章中考察3至6题。从题目所占的比例来看，如果同学们想在阅读部分拿高分，那么一定要掌握细节题的解题方法和技巧。
托福阅读细节题定义
细节题可以说是能屈能伸的一种题型，它要容易，可以很容易，它要想难，可以非常难。
很多人复习到后期会发现，错的最多的竟然这个细节题，所以它是非常令人纠结的一种题型。
细节题和词汇题加起来可以构成整个托福阅读考试题目的半壁江山，是我们取得托福阅读高分的基础。
细节题通常不要求我们去理解整篇文章的主旨大意，而是具体的信息，包括文中的一些事实，细节，定义及其它作者所呈现的信息。因此，同学们在做细节题时，不需要对整篇文章逐字逐句理解，只需要对文中与题目相关的一句或者几句话进行理解便可。这一点也可以从细节题的题目问法中看出。细节题通常问到：
According to paragraph X, which of the following is true about Y?
The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?
According to paragraph X, Y did Z because… 等。
那么我们怎么知道具体的一个细节题考的是段落中的哪几句话呢?此时，我们就需要根据题目中的关键词帮助我们定位到原文相关的句子。关键词指的是那些无法被改写或者很难被改写的词和短语，这样，我们就能快速找到原文的相应句子。所以，题目中的关键词通常是在段落中出现次数较少、较显眼和特殊的词，包括专有名词、大写、斜体、带引号的词和数字等。例如tpo 1-1-2 中问到：where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found? 显然，该题中的关键词即为lower timberline，我们要寻找的信息是lower timberline出现在什么地方。有些同学可能会纠结lower timberline怎么去理解，其实，我们只需要在原文中找到一模一样出现lower timberline的句子并理解整句话的意思就可以了，而不需要纠结个别词或者短语的意思。
接下来，我们就回到第一段话中，从头进行快速阅读，然后找到相应的句子：In many semiarid areas, there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture. 句子意思是：在很多半干旱的地区存在lower timberline，在这里，森林会变成干草原或者沙漠，由于缺乏水分。理解好了原句，我们就可以将四个选项与原文一一进行比较，发现答案是A. In an area that has little water. 此选项虽然与原句所用的词不一样，但是表达了同样的意思，这是托福阅读考察的一个重要技能，叫同义改写。
综上，我们知道了细节题的解题方法：题目中寻找关键词，然后定位原文，最后找出对原句进行同义改写的正确选项。
托福阅读题目练习
托福阅读题目练习：实用艺术和纯艺术
托福阅读复习中，大家也离不开一些真题的练习，这样可以帮助我们更全面的备考阅读，了解自己在备考中的不足。下面为大家整理了相关的练习题，供大家参考复习。
Although we now tend to refer to the various craftsaccording to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was oncecommon to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view offunction, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to becontained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardlessof cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in itssides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws ofphysics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-artobjects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only withincertain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from thenorm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a ShangDynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but theincidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.
Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-
artobjects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-
art objects. Thisassumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-
art objects are notconstrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-
art objects are. Because theirprimary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used tomake them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of theproperties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers sothat the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These areproblems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or herconception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues ofhorses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done becausethe cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands ofthe laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That thisdevice was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonballquickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of astatue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).
Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basicdifference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied artsremains relatively constant. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say thatpractitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas thoseengaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.
Paragraph 1: Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materialsused to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-
it was once common to think ofcrafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approachingcrafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supportsmust be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain toboth the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of culturalbeliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it couldhardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not somearbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-
art objects, they follow basicpatterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildingswithout roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not allfunctional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as beingdifferent from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that donot obstruct the object's primary function.
托福阅读中的熟词僻义总结
issue v. &n. 流出; 出版，发行;问题
jar v. &n 震动;坛子
envision v.想象，预想
en-这个前缀可以表示“使……有能力”，vision意为视觉视野，让你的眼前呈现出某种景象，自然就是想象预想。
literature n. 文献;文学
liter词根是文字的意思，和文字有关的记录，就是文学，文献。
lot n. 一块地;命运，签
fine adj. 细小的，美好的;v.罚款
这个词请大家一定格外用心识记，“微小的，细微的”这一词义在托福阅读中考察过多次，这里也给大家补充一下，在托福阅读中多次考到的可以表示“微小的，细小的”一义的还有minute、tiny等。
minute adj. 微小的，细小的
novel adj. 新颖的
nov这个词根表达的含义是新，所以我们熟悉的小说novel一词，就有了新颖的这一独特词义，这个词也曾多次考察过托福阅读词汇题，各位童鞋备考时要多加关注。
casual 偶然的，随便的
causal 原因的，因果关系的
pound v. 猛击;乱敲
rear v. &n饲养，栽培;后面的
produce n. 产品(尤指农产品)
project v. &n使突出，伸出;放映，投射;方案，工程
pro-这个前缀表示“向前”，-ject-这个词根表示“投掷，扔”，结合词根词缀的构成不难理解它的熟词僻义考察。
relief n. 凸起，浮雕;(痛苦)减轻，安慰
provided conj. 倘若，在…条件下。
save conj. 除了
rent 断口，裂缝
rift 裂缝， 「地质」断裂
pronounced adj. 断然的，显着的
scale v. &n 攀登; 天平，刻度; 鳞; 规模，范围;「音」音阶
这个词请大家重点关注，上述七个词义在之前的托福考试中都曾多次考察过，词义排名并不分先后。
school n. (鱼)群;学派，流派
genre n. 类型，流派
score n. 「音乐」乐谱;刻痕;得分
screen v. &n 筛，过滤(器);掩蔽，屏风;屏幕
secure v. &adj. 得到;使安全;安全的
acquire 获得
通常如果表示学习，习得某种技能或语言我们会用acquire这个词，比如acquire a language/skill，它的名词形式是acquisition。
season v. 调味
spot v. &n发现，认出，定位;斑点;场所
新托福阅读真题分享
托福阅读往期的考试内容，可以作为大家的背景知识来储备，这些真题内容在接下来的考试中也有可能出现。因此大家掌握这些题目内容，对我们的考试也是有很大的帮助的。为大家整理了8月26日的托福阅读考试题目，供大家参考。
托福阅读考试日期：
8月26日
新托福阅读题目回忆：
题目：地球大气环境
学科分类：Environment
主要内容：
一开始，地球的大气层上充满了氢气和氦气，然后由于氢气和氦气原子进行碰撞，而且他们的质量比较轻，所以它们就去外太空了，然后还有一种新的理论是由于一些星球的坍塌，氢气和氦气原子就在大气层逐渐减少了，然后地球上很多火山喷发导致很多水蒸气和二氧化碳被喷发出来，但是由于气温降低的时候，水蒸汽会凝结降水，然后二氧化碳会溶解在水里，所以大气层中水蒸汽和二氧化碳都减少了。另外，由于当时的一些生物会进行光合作用，很多二氧化碳也减少了，沉降在了海底。另外，由于氮元素的化学性质比较稳定，氮原子也比较重不容易逃逸，所以现在地球上的氮气占很大一部分。
篇6：托福阅读细节题分析
托福阅读细节题：最能摸清你阅读基础的一类题
先给大家普及一下细节题的解题步骤：
1. 读题干，找出题干中的关键信息(就是题干提问的关键词)
2. 到文章中寻找关键信息对应的句子
3. 选择一个关键信息对应句子的同义改写选项
我们来看一道例题：
T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia
Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.
8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?
○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.
○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.
○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.
○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.
这道题题干中的关键词是lateen sail. 带着它回文中找到相关信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.这个句子比较长而且还出现了定语从句，开头还有一个托福阅读常考的词while，并不是一下子就可以顺译出来的，如果考托er们读不懂这个句子，大概会有如下两种情况：
第一种，如果TOEFLer们在这个句子中发现百分之五十以上的单词都不认识，那么同学们得赶紧回去背诵高中词汇，后期的学习计划就应该着重在大量时间花在单词背诵计划的制定上：高中词汇结束后再紧跟着背诵四级和托福词汇。而且TOEFLer再做题目的时候就不能一味地想要学习解题技巧，而应该着重基础的提升，无论是单词还是长难句。英文阅读和中文阅读一样，没有单词量的阅读就好像文盲读报纸，只能靠脑洞。
第二种，如果发现单词基本没问题，但是连which这个从句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分应该还有很大欠缺，尤其是从句部分知识。这种情况经常会出现在大学生群体中，他们的单词量经过四六级的洗礼已经比较拿的出手了，但是对于句法反倒没有高中生掌握的好，甚至遗忘比较严重，以至于读句子的时候多是把单词的意思往一起拼凑。这种学生通常会在做题时在迷惑性选项中一再栽跟头，因为无论原文还是选项他都是读得似懂非懂，就无法保证做题的正确率了。
综上所述，细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。各位TOEFLer平时在做题的时候也要多加以总结和思考哦。
托福阅读长难句：英国电视广告
The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for “misleadingness”—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. (TPO14, 52)
我是分界线，大家先测试一遍速读是否理解
The Independent Television Commission, (regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom), has criticized advertisers for “misleadingness”(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)(in an effort)(to control advertisers' use of techniques)(that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.)
分析：
修饰一：(regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom) ，同位语
中文：英国电视广告的管理者
修饰二：(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)，破折号和非谓语动词
中文：他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象
修饰三：(in an effort) ，介词短语
中文：努力
修饰四：(to control advertisers' use oftechniques)，非谓语动词
中文：控制广告商对技术的使用
修饰五：(that make it difficult forchildren to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.) ，从句，修饰techniques
中文：这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造
参考翻译：
英国电视广告的管理者即独立电视委员会批评广告商的“误导”(他们有意或无意营造了一个错误的印象)，他们努力控制广告商对技术的使用，这些技术使孩子很难去判断玩具的真实大小、动作、性能以及构造。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、同位语、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
托福阅读长难句：逆流交换系统
In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. (TPO15, 55)
(In a countercurrent exchange system), the blood vessels (carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels (carrying warm blood from the body) (to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels); thus, the heat is transferred (from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) (before it reaches the flipper itself). (TPO15, 55)
分析：
修饰一：(In a countercurrent exchange system)，介词短语
中文：在逆流交换系统中
修饰二：(carrying cooled blood from the flippers)，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels
中文：携带来自鳍部的冷血
修饰三：(carrying warm blood from the body) ，非谓语动词，修饰the blood vessels
中文：携带来自身体的温血
修饰四：(to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels) ，非谓语动词
中文：以便从带有温血的血管中获取热量
修饰五：(from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) ，介词短语
中文：由流出的血管到流进的血管
修饰六：(before it reaches the flipper itself)，从句
中文：在到达鳍部前
参考翻译：
在逆流交换系统中，携带来自鳍部的冷血的血管非常接近携带来自身体的温血的血管以便从带有温血的血管中获取热量;因此，在到达鳍部前，热量通过由流出的血管到流进的血管完成了热量转移。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、非谓语动词、介词短语，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
篇7：托福阅读细节题解题全攻略
托福阅读细节题解题全攻略
细节题通常不要求我们去理解整篇文章的主旨大意，而是具体的信息，包括文中的一些事实，细节，定义及其它作者所呈现的信息。因此，同学们在做细节题时，不需要对整篇文章逐字逐句理解，只需要对文中与题目相关的一句或者几句话进行理解便可。这一点也可以从细节题的题目问法中看出。细节题通常问到：
According to paragraph X, which of the following is true about Y?
The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?
According to paragraph X, Y did Z because… 等。
那么我们怎么知道具体的一个细节题考的是段落中的哪几句话呢?此时，我们就需要根据题目中的关键词帮助我们定位到原文相关的句子。关键词指的是那些无法被改写或者很难被改写的词和短语，这样，我们就能快速找到原文的相应句子。所以，题目中的关键词通常是在段落中出现次数较少、较显眼和特殊的词，包括专有名词、大写、斜体、带引号的词和数字等。例如官方真题Official 1-1-2 中问到：where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found? 显然，该题中的关键词即为lower timberline，我们要寻找的信息是lower timberline出现在什么地方。有些同学可能会纠结lower timberline怎么去理解，其实，我们只需要在原文中找到一模一样出现lower timberline的句子并理解整句话的意思就可以了，而不需要纠结个别词或者短语的意思。
接下来，我们就回到第一段话中，从头进行快速阅读，然后找到相应的句子：In many semiarid areas, there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture. 句子意思是：在很多半干旱的地区存在lower timberline，在这里，森林会变成干草原或者沙漠，由于缺乏水分。理解好了原句，我们就可以将四个选项与原文一一进行比较，发现答案是A. In an area that has little water. 此选项虽然与原句所用的词不一样，但是表达了同样的意思，这是托福阅读考察的一个重要技能，叫同义改写。
综上，我们知道了细节题的解题方法：题目中寻找关键词，然后定位原文，最后找出对句进行同义改写的正确选项。
托福阅读背景知识汇总之流星与流星雨
什么是流星?外空间的尘埃颗粒闯入地球大气，与大气摩擦，产生大量热，从而使尘埃颗粒气化。在该过程中发光形成流星。尘埃颗粒叫做流星体。
大小 在狮子座流星雨中，一颗5等流星通常仅由一个0.00006克、直径0.5毫米的流星体产生。狮子座流星雨中的可见流星的大部分流星，体直径在1毫米到1厘米之间。
速度 一个微小的流星体就足以产生在几百公里之外就能看见的亮光，其原因就在于流星体的高速度。在刚进入地球大气层时狮子座流星雨中流星体的速度可达71公里/每秒。
光之来源 当流星体闯入地球大气时，它与大量的空气分子相碰撞，使颗粒的外层微粒被撞离母体。在碰撞的过程中，一些空气分子发生电离。当被离解的电子再次被原子俘获时便会产生发光现象。
流星的颜色 大部分的狮子座流星颜色，像钠灯燃烧时的色彩。一个流星的颜色是流星体的化学成分及反应温度的体现：钠原子发出橘黄色的光，铁为黄色，镁是蓝绿色，钙为紫色，硅是红色。
声音 流星通常不会发出可以听见的声音。如果你没有看到它的话，它就会悄无声息的一扫而过。对于非常亮的流星，曾经有人听到过声音。这些声响主要集中在低频波段。一个非常亮的流星，如火流星，可能会听到声音。如果流星体的直径大于大气分子的平均自由程，则在流星体的前边会产生大量的激波。偶然情况下，这些激波会深入到大气的底层从而被我们听到。听起来像远处发出的隆隆声。
持久余迹 流星有时会在它通过的轨道上留下一条持久的余迹。余迹主体颜色多为绿色，是中性的氧原子。持续时间通常为1到10秒。可见余迹亮度迅速下降，在极限星等为4到5等的情况下，一般可持续1到30分钟。这些亮光来自炽热空气和流星体中的金属原子。
火流星 质量较大的流星体，有机会造成火流星，亮度至少比金星(-4等星)亮，出现时间可持续2~3秒。有时火流星可接近至地表一、二十公里处才消失，我们可听到火流星发出的声音
流星雨在一年中的某些天，可以看到大量的流星从同一个天区划落下来。这就是流星雨。狮子座流星雨就是其中之一。
辐射点 流星雨中的所有流星仿佛是从天空同一处散开的，这点就称为辐射点。狮子座流星雨的辐射点位于狮子座。辐射点是一种透视效果。流星从一个观测者的前后左右扫过天空，然而它们的反向延长线交汇一处，即辐射点。
流星雨从何而来 流星雨是由于彗星的破碎而形成的。狮子座流星雨的流星体与坦普尔-塔特尔彗星的轨道相同，所以一般认为坦普尔-塔特尔彗星是狮子座流星雨的母体。
流星体因何离开母彗星 彗星主要由冰和尘埃组成。当彗星逐渐靠近太阳时，冰气化，使尘埃颗粒像喷泉之水一样，被喷出母体而进入彗星轨道。
彗尾 大颗粒仍保留在母彗星的周围形成尘埃彗发;小颗粒被太阳的辐射压力吹散，形成彗尾。剩余物质继续留在彗星轨道附近。然而即使是小的喷发速度，也会引起微粒公转周期的很大不同。因此，在下次彗星回归时，小微粒将滞后母体，而大颗粒将超前于母体。当地球穿过尘埃尾轨道时，我们就有机会看到流星雨。
流星雨活动性 位于彗星轨道的尘埃粒子云被称为“流星体群”。当流星体颗粒刚从彗星喷出时，它们的分布是比较规则的。由于大行星引力的作用，这些颗粒便逐渐散布于整个彗星轨道。目前，这个过程还不是十分清楚。在地球穿过流星体群时，各种形式的流星雨就有可能发生了。
周期性的流星雨 每年地球都要穿过许多彗星的轨道。如果轨道上存在流星体颗粒，便会发生周期性的流星雨。大部分年份，狮子座流星雨的数量都不是很大。坦普尔-塔特尔彗星的回归周期是33.2年。当它运行到近日点时，地球穿过它的轨道就有可能发生大规模的流星暴雨。
近彗型流星雨 当只有母彗星运行到近日点时才发生的流星雨，称为近彗型流星雨。这说明流星体群仍在彗星附近。周期在几百年以内的彗星所形成的流星雨多为该类型。如狮子座流星雨。
远彗型流星雨 由于行星的引力摄动作用，长周期彗星的流星体群可能与母彗星相差甚远。在母彗星不在近日点时也有可能发生流星雨，这种流星雨便是远彗型流星雨。如Lurid就是这种。这种流星雨很难预报
流星暴雨 当每小时出现的流星超过1000颗时，我们称为流星暴雨。当然，流星雨和流星暴雨之间并没有严格的界限
托福阅读：托福备考记笔记的技巧
1、抓住主题段和主题句的关键词。
托福阅读文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的主要部分，因此记录几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。
2、关注时间和数字。
通常来讲，出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的，因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象，考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题，一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词，二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式，考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字，以便于之后做题时的查询。
3、注意人名、地名和专有名词。
这些概念在文章中出现的时候，一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记，非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外，当提到这几个具体的概念时，文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点，因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。
4、记录举例主体。
为了说明某些理论和观点，托福阅读文章中会出现大段的举例文字。实际上，托福考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略。
5、关注新概念和局部核心概念。
所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现，意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题，所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核 心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。
6、注重重要的逻辑关系。
很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确，这也是一种严重的错误。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。
篇8：托福阅读细节题解析2020
托福阅读细节题：最能摸清你阅读基础的一类题
先给大家普及一下细节题的解题步骤：
1. 读题干，找出题干中的关键信息(就是题干提问的关键词)
2. 到文章中寻找关键信息对应的句子
3. 选择一个关键信息对应句子的同义改写选项
我们来看一道例题：
T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia
Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.
8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?
○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.
○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.
○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.
○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.
这道题题干中的关键词是lateen sail. 带着它回文中找到相关信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.这个句子比较长而且还出现了定语从句，开头还有一个托福阅读常考的词while，并不是一下子就可以顺译出来的，如果考托er们读不懂这个句子，大概会有如下两种情况：
第一种，如果TOEFLer们在这个句子中发现百分之五十以上的单词都不认识，那么同学们得赶紧回去背诵高中词汇，后期的学习计划就应该着重在大量时间花在单词背诵计划的制定上：高中词汇结束后再紧跟着背诵四级和托福词汇。而且TOEFLer再做题目的时候就不能一味地想要学习解题技巧，而应该着重基础的提升，无论是单词还是长难句。英文阅读和中文阅读一样，没有单词量的阅读就好像文盲读报纸，只能靠脑洞。
第二种，如果发现单词基本没问题，但是连which这个从句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分应该还有很大欠缺，尤其是从句部分知识。这种情况经常会出现在大学生群体中，他们的单词量经过四六级的洗礼已经比较拿的出手了，但是对于句法反倒没有高中生掌握的好，甚至遗忘比较严重，以至于读句子的时候多是把单词的意思往一起拼凑。这种学生通常会在做题时在迷惑性选项中一再栽跟头，因为无论原文还是选项他都是读得似懂非懂，就无法保证做题的正确率了。
综上所述，细节题是一种看起来简单实际上很考察阅读基本功的题型，通过一道细节题就可以考察出自己的问题在哪里，以及以后学习中需要加以注意的地方。各位TOEFLer平时在做题的时候也要多加以总结和思考哦。
托福阅读背景知识汇总之霓虹灯
A neon light is the sort of light you see used in advertising signs. These signs are made of long, narrow glass tubes, and these tubes are often bent into all sorts of shapes. The tube of a neon light can spell out a word, for example. These tubes emit light in different colors.
The idea behind a neon light is simple. Inside the glass tube there is a gas like neon, argon or krypton at low pressure. At both ends of the tube there are metal electrodes. When you apply a high voltage to the electrodes, the neon gas ionizes, and electrons flow through the gas. These electrons excite the neon atoms and cause them to emit light that we can see. Neon emits red light when energized in this way. Other gases emit other colors.
托福阅读背景知识汇总之玛雅文化
Maya Culture
The Maya are probably the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatán around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, northern Belize and western Honduras. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations such as the Oleic, the Maya developed astronomy, cylindrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools. They were also skilled farmers, clearing large sections of tropical rain forest and, where groundwater was scarce, building sizeable underground reservoirs for the storage of rainwater. The Maya were equally skilled as weavers and potters, and cleared routes through jungles and swamps to foster extensive trade networks with distant peoples.
Around 300 B.C., the Maya adopted a hierarchical system of government with rule by nobles and kings. This civilization developed into highly structured kingdoms during the Classic period, A.D. 200-900. Their society consisted of many independent states, each with a rural farming community and large urban sites built around ceremonial centers. It started to decline around A.D. 900 when - for reasons which are still largely a mystery - the southern Maya abandoned their cities. When the northern Maya were integrated into the Toltec society by A.D. 1200, the Maya dynasty finally came to a close, although some peripheral centers continued to thrive until the Spanish Conquest in the early sixteenth century.
Maya history can be characterized as cycles of rise and fall: city-states rose in prominence and fell into decline, only to be replaced by others. It could also be described as one of continuity and change, guided by a religion that remains the foundation of their culture. For those who follow the ancient Maya traditions, the belief in the influence of the cosmos on human lives and the necessity of paying homage to the gods through rituals continues to find expression in a modern hybrid Christian-Maya faith.
Cosmology and Religion
The ancient Maya believed in recurring cycles of creation and destruction and thought in terms of eras lasting about 5,200 modern years. The current cycle is believed by the Maya to have begun in either 3114 B.C. or 3113 B.C. of our calendar, and is expected to end in either A.D. 2011 or 2012.
Maya cosmology is not easy to reconstruct from our current knowledge of their civilization. It seems apparent, however, that the Maya believed Earth to be flat and four-cornered. Each corner was located at a cardinal point and had a color value: red for east, white for north, black for west, and yellow for south. At the centre was the color green.
Some Maya also believed that the sky was multi-layered and that it was supported at the corners by four gods of immense physical strength called “Baca’s”. Other Maya believed that the sky was supported by four trees of different colors and species, with the green cobia, or silk-cotton tree, at the centre.
Earth in its flat form was thought by the Maya to be the back of a giant crocodile, resting in a pool of water lilies. The crocodile's counterpart in the sky was a double-headed serpent - a concept probably based on the fact that the Maya word for “sky” is similar to the word for “snake”. In hieroglyphics, the body of the sky-serpent is marked not only with its own sign of crossed bands, but also those of the Sun, the Moon, Venus and other celestial bodies.
Heaven was believed to have 13 layers, and each layer had its own god. Uppermost was the moan bird, a kind of screech-owl. The Underworld had nine layers, with nine corresponding Lords of the Night. The Underworld was a cold, unhappy place and was believed to be the destination of most Maya after death. Heavenly bodies such as the Sun, the Moon, and Venus, were also thought to pass through the Underworld after they disappeared below the horizon every evening.
Very little is known about the Maya pantheon. The Maya had a bewildering number of gods, with at least 166 named deities. This is partly because each of the gods had many aspects. Some had more than one sex; others could be both young and old; and every god representing a heavenly body had a different Underworld face, which appeared when the god “died” in the evening
篇9：怎么做好托福阅读的细节题
怎么才能做好托福阅读中的细节题呢？下面我给大家分享一些经验。
托福阅读：细节题型剖析
新托福考试中很多考生最容易忽略的就是托福阅读，因为绝大部分人会感觉阅读是自己的强项。然而不少这样的考生，自认阅读不错，实际考出来的分数只有22分左右，这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大部分人比较弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见，阅读取得高分对于获得百分以上的托福成绩是一种保证!
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer， a lowland， west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington， is now the most common. The other species， the Columbian white-tailed deer， in earlier times was common in the open prairie country， it is now restricted to the low， marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1， which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly， and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community， while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1， which of the following is NOT true of climax communities
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。
以上是专家解析托福阅读中的例题，托福阅读是考生的得分项，不可掉以轻心，得不偿失。要把基础打好再考虑如果往高处摸索。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。
教师解读托福阅读考试细节题要素
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer， a lowland， west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington， is now the most common. The other species， the Columbian white-tailed deer， in earlier times was common in the open prairie country， it is now restricted to the low， marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1， which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly， and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community， while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1， which of the following is NOT true of climax communities
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。
托福阅读细节题技巧：找主干、重定位
托福阅读在做题上是有一定的技巧性的，托福阅读考的题型之前大家都有了解过，这里就不再罗嗦了，今天主要讲一些细节题的做题技巧，找主干、重定位。托福阅读细节题常考点中的关系。
好，下面这是最难最难的细节题了，他会问两者之间的关系，咱们来看一下比较简单的。第一个他说what was the relationship，他问两者之间的关系，比较简单的关系就是A和B之间的发生了关系，L和F。这种题如果问A和B的关系，你定位的时候怎么定位呢?最好拿着A和B同时定位，有的时候它会A和B同时出现在一句话，有的时候会先出现A，然后接着出现了B，然后A和B一起看就OK。最难最难的是什么呢?就是这一段的开头出现了A，末尾出现了B，这样你的阅读量就要看整段。咱们来看一下，他问L和F的关系。我们定位找到了，第一句讲的是F，这个时候咱们还是看句子的主干。F帮助怎么样呢?帮助什么呢?帮助加速了分解。这个时候咱看分解后边是个of吧，所以咱还是先看分解，你先不用管分解了谁，F、L加速了分解逗号，preparing准备了一个soft bed of soil。这句话主干结束了，就是地衣。地衣，它其实是地上的小毛毛，一种植物，它帮助加速了什么的分解，准备了一个很好的土壤。
往下，下一句，第二句就出现了now，现在其他的生命形式，could take hold，take hold一定要知道，take hold是扎根的意思。现在其他的可以扎根了，为什么呢?因为L给他们提供了好的土壤，所以这个题就比较简单，因为A和B这两个定位是挨着的，所以选什么呢?所以选A，因为L提供了soil，然后fern可以在soil上面快乐茁壮地成长。
来，我们来看下一道题。现在卡吗?同学们现在能听清吗?从哪开始卡的啊?好，那我再讲一遍，关于前面这一个。对，我用的是白板。好咱们看一下这个题，重新讲一下，因为有些同学卡了没有听见。先看一下提干，他问的是谁的关系啊?是L和F的关系，好。也就是说问两者之间的关系的时候咱们拿定位，定位什么呢?一定要去拿着，最好拿着A和B同时定位，因为如果A和B同时出现在一句话里，那句话必然是定位句。就不幸的是L和F不出现同一句话了，那咱分别先找到L再找到F，然后这两句话之间，两句话通常是挨着，这样的话关系就比较简单。咱们看一下这个，看一下例题。问L和F的关系，所以咱们去定位L和F，第一句就出现了L。然后L咱怎么看这句话，有些学说阅读的速度不够快，老师来带着你们看一下怎么看句子可以看的一些，看主干。主干是L帮助了加速了分解，这时候你可以不看分解后面of的内容，你就说加速了分解逗号，preparing准备了一个很好的土壤，这道题就结束了。所以L的功能是什么啊?加速分解，提供土壤。那其他的form开始，take hold是扎根，其他的植物生命形式可以扎根了。F开始flourishing，F出现了。所以这就是说，F和L什么关系啊?他问L和F的关系，我们分别找到了L和F，他们两个挨着。
好，我们往下看。那么看一下A选项，F were able to grow because L 提供了所有对吧。很好，所以这就是他问L和F关系的时候，同学们一定要注意，拿着这两个词一定要同时去定位，这样比较快。来看一下最难的题，也就是说如果遇到什么的时候。问A和B的关系的时候，这是问的是radioactivity辐射和steam。这时候怎么办?我们还是去定位，定位这两个，来看一下。我们发现第一句出现了radioactivity，然后在最后一行，那个PPT没有显示完整，最后一行出现了steam，他们中间的内容咱们都要看。所以这是一个很大的任务量，所以怎么办呢?所以出现R和S的句子一定要认真看。然后看一下剩下的句子看主干，比如说咱们第一句话看Earth，就是地球的地热fueled by，fueled by一定要看，为什么呢?对，最后一行看不清，实在是不好意思。大家可以看一下自己的PPT，地热fueled by是什么意思呢?fueled by它其实是一种隐含的因果关系，它是有逻辑关系的，所以这个一定要看。地热是谁促进的?R促进的，所以这句话的意思就是说R促进了hit对不对?就是说辐射导致了地热。
好，我们接着往下看。第二句话主干是It can also be harnessed，看到这个动词的时候大家就知道这讲的是利用，它的用途，所以咱看吗?不看，因为和steam无关。然后看第三句话，地热它开始的有用，什么时候呢?可得到和可使用，当地下热被水来传递的时候。往下，The water is usually，这个水常常是自然的分号，或者是说人工的。这是水的来源，重要吗?不重要。接下来往下看，大家可以看一下自己的PPT，他下面写的是The water is brought to the surface，这个水被带到了地表，如果温度很高呢，hit就可以把这个水变成了steam，所以这里出现了steam。所以他要问R，也是辐射radioactivity和steam，它俩是不是没有直接发生关系啊?它们通过H，也就是hit，也就是radioactivity辐射导致了地热，让一个石头变热，然后这个热量又把水变成了steam，所以这句话的关系，R和S的关系大家清楚了吧，它们是通过中间一个hit来连接的。我们来看一下答案，我们来看一下选项A，说steam是什么产生的呢?是水暴露给R对吗?不对吧。原文中说的是R可以导致hit，然后这个hit又把水加热成了水蒸汽。来看一下B选项，当水被引进这个洞，这个洞是干什么的呢?后边给你解释了这个洞，不需要看修饰成分。看句子主干，它变得radioactive是不是水变成了辐射，有辐射的?不对吧。看一下C选项，Radioactivity加热了内部的rock，rock又加热了水，是不是就是这个关系啊?radioactivity导致了地热，地热也就是说石头变热，石头变热又把那个水变热，甚至以蒸汽的形式出现，所以这个题应该是选C选项。
篇10：帮你搞定托福阅读细节题
托福阅读有一种题型是细节题，下面我们看看如何攻克它吧。
托福阅读细节题如何解答?
托福阅读细节题考查的其实是精确定位，在新托福阅读考试中，细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，做新托福阅读读细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位，大家在平时的托福阅读备考中要注意把握做细节题的这一个规律。
例如：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的 托福阅读细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。
其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实 细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。
否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。
以上即为托福阅读考试中细节题如何解答的解析，细节题是托福阅读备考中大家常常碰到的一种题型，大家可以通过本文细细掌握。
托福阅读中的细节题剖析
新托福考试中很多考生最容易忽略的就是托福阅读，因为绝大部分人会感觉阅读是自己的强项。然而不少这样的考生，自认阅读不错，实际考出来的分数只有22分左右，这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大部分人比较弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见，阅读取得高分对于获得百分以上的托福成绩是一种保证!
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer， a lowland， west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington， is now the most common. The other species， the Columbian white-tailed deer， in earlier times was common in the open prairie country， it is now restricted to the low， marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1， which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly， and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community， while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1， which of the following is NOT true of climax communities
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。
以上是专家解析托福阅读中的例题，托福阅读是考生的得分项，不可掉以轻心，得不偿失。要把基础打好再考虑如果往高处摸索。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。
托福考试阅读细节题出错的三大常见原因
几乎在每次托福考试之后，我都可以听到某些同学对着细节题扼腕长叹道：“我怎么这样的题也会错!”是的，我们在上课的时候，反复听着老师一遍遍地说细节题的解题方法，自以为这些方法都早已烂熟于心，但是在做题的过程中却屡屡出错。这是为什么呢?
要解答这个问题，我们首先就要找到出错的地方，然后对症下药。那么接下来，由新东方在线托福教研中心老师为大家介绍考生经常会出错的地方。这些地方大致可以分为以下三种情况：
一、不会定位
提及定位，恐怕所有的同学都会说定位非常简单。但是，是不是所有同学都可以准确定位，并且高效地完成阅读中的细节题呢?其实不然，我们来看以下这道出自TPO16套的细节题：
According to paragraph 2, how did Middle Eastern shop owners treat their workers?
有的同学一看到这个题目，第一反应就是用Middle Eastern shop owners去原文定位，很快可以找到本段的第二句话：Production was generally in the hands of skilled individual artisans doing piecework under the tutelage of a master who was also the shop owner.但是，当我们读过这句话之后，发现它并没有回答前面的问题，于是我们开始纠结。在将这句话反反复复看了好几遍却仍然找不到答案之后，我们才开始继续往下看。有些同学甚至为了寻找答案干脆将整段看一遍。但是，如果大家一开始在定位的时候，用的是shop owner, treat,和workers来定位，大家就很容易就知道这道题是在问shop owner和workers之间的关系，在读原文第二句话时很快就能发现这句话并没有提到任何与关系相关的单词。于是往下寻找和关系有关的词或者句子。我们很快便会看到后面有一个In these shops differences of rank were blurred，也就是说在这些shop里等级区别模糊了。这不正是说明了owner和worker之间的这种等级关系么?因此，不难确定，这句话才是我们要找的答案。
二、纠结选项
在选项上纠结的这类同学，在对文章的定位上一般不存在问题。他们的问题是，在找到原文之后，却觉得几个选项在文章中都出现过，于是一遍遍地再来读文章。这样做既费时费力，又不一定能对。
对于这些同学，新东方在线托福教研中心老师提醒大家，你们需要谨记的就是“符合原文”四个大字。
例如TPO2中的一道题，假定通过定位我们已经找到了原文中答案所在的句子：the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.这道题对应有两个选项：
A It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.
B It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.
这时爱纠结的同学们又开始纠结了，两个都说cetaceans是mammals，怎么选?亲爱的同学们，你们首先要搞清楚原文到底说的是什么，是说“暗示”还是说“不能掩盖”?如果是说暗示，那就选a，因为a选项清楚的有一个indicate，如果是说不能掩盖，那就选b， 因为b选项中有一个cannot conceal。
三、单词量少
单词量少是一个困扰绝大多数考生的问题。对于备考托福的同学来说，攻克单词这个难题，只有一个方法-背!在备考期间大家需要大量地背单词。但是，即使我们很努力的去背了单词，依然会在做题的时候碰到一些我们不认识的单词。这个时候，很多同学就会慌了手脚，不知道怎么办才好。其实，一篇文章对我们造成困难的，不是那些人名、地名和专有名词，而是构成我们要理解的这句话的基本结构。因此，如果碰到一句很长的话，里面有一些生单词，大家不要慌张。只要把这句话的结构弄清楚，你就能读懂这句话的大致意思了。这样，所谓的单词也就不再是你的拦路虎了。我们来看一个TPO1 里的句子：
Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
虽然这句话中生僻的词比较多，但是如果我们能够找出句子的主干，那么这句话就会容易很多。整句的主干结构是这样的：adjacent to timberline, the tundra consists of shrubs and grasses and so on, while rise up, the species and diversities will decrease. 同学们只要能读出来这句话的核心意思是“靠近林木线的土地上到处覆盖着灌木和草，而海拔高度提高的时候，物种减少直到出现大片的荒地”，我们就能够理解这个句子。但是理解的前提是，你必须平时要好好的背单词，如果连一些很简单的单词，例如blur，stimulate都不认识，那么建议大家还是在背单词上多下点功夫吧!
★ 托福阅读真题解析
★ 托福阅读素材
托福阅读细节题的考查重点（集锦10篇）
