托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读

时间：2022-11-25 01:25:49 作者：两岸叶综合材料收藏本文下载本文

“两岸叶”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了6篇托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读，以下是小编收集整理后的托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读，仅供参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

目录
第1篇：托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读第2篇：托福阅读备考之句子插入题技巧第3篇：深入解析托福阅读句子插入题第4篇：深入解析托福阅读句子插入题第5篇：托福阅读句子插入题解题技巧第6篇：托福阅读句子插入题如何应对

篇1：托福阅读句子插入题核心技巧解读

句子插入题解题核心就在于要把待插入句子放在方框内，使得它能和上下文衔接得当。如何做到上下文衔接得当?其一：句意。其二：逻辑。如果待插入句子中出现代词加名词短语，我们一定在原文中找到这个代词的指代;如果文中只有一处合适，答案就是那句话的后面;如果有两处以上符合，那么我们就观察一下这句话中有没有逻辑关系词，我们一定要确定这句话和上文逻辑关系正确。

托福阅读插入题实例介绍

Paragraph 6:■Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths andwater is forced in and over their gills. ■Accordingly, they have lost most ofthe muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills.■In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■They must also keep swimming to keepfrom sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, thegas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.

Look at the foursquares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to thepassage.

Consequently,tunas do not need to suck in water.

Where would the sentence best fit?

待插入句子中出现名词：tuna，我们不难发现，这段就是围绕tuna来写的，所以考虑逻辑关系词：consequently，表明上文提到了原因，下文应该是吞拿鱼不吸水的后果。我们在第二个方框后看到accordingly，这个词也是表示结果，后面说到“它们丢失了大部分用于吸水的肌肉”，所以这道题很好做了，逻辑简单，肯定是不吸水在先，然后才会丢失肌肉，所以答案是B。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Tulips are Old World, rather than New World, plants, with the origins of the species lying in Central Asia. They became an integral part of the gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part of European life as well. Holland, in particular, became famous for its cultivation of the flower.

A tenuous line marked the advance of the tulip to the New World, where it was unknown in the wild. The first Dutch colonies in North America had been established in New Netherlands by the Dutch West India Company in 1624, and one individual who settled in New Amsterdam (today's Manhattan section of New York City) in 1642 described the flowers that bravely colonized the settlers' gardens. They were the same flowers seen in Dutch still-life paintings of the time: crown imperials, roses, carnations, and of course tulips. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, where in 1698 William Penn received a report of John Tateham's Great and Stately Palace, its garden full of tulips. By 1760, Boston newspapers were advertising 50 different kinds of mixed tulip roots. But the length of the journey between Europe and North America created many difficulties. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some tulip bulbs from England, but his letter the following year grumbled that they were all dead.

Tulips arrived in Holland, Michigan, with a later wave of early nineteenth-century Dutch immigrants who quickly colonized the plains of Michigan. Together with many other Dutch settlements, such as the one at Pella, Iowa, they established a regular demand for European plants. The demand was bravely met by a new kind of tulip entrepreneur, the traveling salesperson. One Dutchman, Hendrick van der Schoot, spent six months in 1849 traveling through the United States taking orders for tulip bulbs. While tulip bulbs were traveling from Europe to the United States to satisfy the nostalgic longings of homesick English and Dutch settlers, North American plants were traveling in the opposite direction. In England, the enthusiasm for American plants was one reason why tulips dropped out of fashion in the gardens of the rich and famous.

1. Which of the following questions does the passage mainly answer?

(A) What is the difference between an Old World and a New World plant?

(B) Why are tulips grown in many different parts of the world?

(D) Where were the first Dutch colonies in North America located?

2. The word integral in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) interesting

(B) fundamental

(D) overlooked

3. The passage mentions that tulips were first found in which of the following regions?

(A) Central Asia

(B) Western Europe

(D) North America

4. The word flourished in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) were discovered

(B) were marketed

(D) thrived

5. The author mentions tulip growing in New Netherlands, Pennsylvania. and Michigan in order to

illustrate how

(A) imported tulips were considered more valuable than locally grown tulips

(B) tulips were commonly passed as gifts from one family to another

(D) attitudes toward tulips varied from one location to another

6. The word grumbled in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) denied

(B) warned

(D) explained

7. The passage mentions that one reason English and Dutch settlers planted tulips in their

gardens was that tulips

(A) were easy to grow

(B) had become readily available

(D) reminded them of home

8. The word they in line 20 refers to

(A) tulips

(B) plains

(D) plants

9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred in English gardens during

the European settlement of North America?

(A) They grew in size in order to provide enough plants to export to the New World.

(B) They contained a wider variety of tulips than ever before.

(D) They decreased in size on the estates of wealthy people.

10. The passage mentions which of the following as a problem associated with the importation of

tulips into North America?

(A) They were no longer fashionable by the time they arrived.

(B) They often failed to survive the journey.

(D) Settlers knew little about how to cultivate them.

PASSAGE 85 CBADC CDCCB

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The smooth operation of an ant colony depends on ten to twenty different signals, most of which are pheromones (chemical signals triggering behavioral responses). It is estimated that red fire ants employ at least twelve different chemical signals. The simplest of these is the carbon dioxide from the respiration of an ant cluster, a chemical that acts as a pheromone to promote aggregation. Workers move toward a source of carbon dioxide, resulting in solitary ants moving to join a group. At the other extreme, the most complex of the fire ants' signals is probably colony odor, by which the workers of a particular colony or nest identify another worker as local or foreign. Each ant nest has its own odor as a result of its location, history, and local food supply. The resident ants pick up this odor on their bodies, so that ants of the same species, but from different nests, have different colony odors. This allows ants to identify intruders and maintain colony integrity.

Fire ants also make use of an alarm pheromone to alert workers to an emergency, and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as a guide during mass migrations. A fire ant queen emits a chemical signal that identifies her to the colony's workers. They respond by scurrying to gather around her. The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also generates a signal, to which workers respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest.

Ants provide examples of both public (accessible to other species) and private messages. One of their most important private messages concerns food, for a food source is worth keeping secret. Each species marks its trails with signals that are meaningless to others, so that an ant crossing a trail left by another ant species typically notices nothing. On the other hand, a secret signal to mark a dead body is unnecessary. Many kinds of ants perceive a natural decomposition product of dead insects as a signal to remove a corpse. If an outsider recognizes this message and moves the body, no harm is done.

1. What aspect of ants does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The relationship between the queen and the worker ants

(B) Ways in which ants use chemical signals

(D) The importance of respiration in the production of ant pheromones

2. The phrase smooth operation in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) daily activity

(B) effective functioning

(D) permanent location

3. According to the passage , carbon dioxide serves which of the following functions for fire ants?

(A) It protects the queen.

(B) It attracts other ant species.

(D) It encourages the ants to gather together.

4. The word cluster in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) organ

(B) activity

(D) cycle

5. According to the passage , each nest has a distinct odor that allows its inhabitants to

(A) find the location of the nest in the dark

(B) distinguish worker ants from other ants

(D) signal other inhabitants when foreign ants attack

6. The word alert in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) allow

(B) transport

(D) provide

7. What is the role of pheromones in the mass migrations of ants?

(A) Pheromones are used to create a trail that directs the ants during migrations.

(B) Pheromones signal the ants that the nest has been invaded and must be abandoned.

(D) Pheromones enable scouts to identify suitable areas for establishing a new nest.

8. The word scurrying in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) agreeing

(B) appearing

(D) rushing

9. The word others in line 21 refers to

(A) private messages

(B) species

(D) signals

10. Why does the author mention dead insects in line 23?

(A) To compare the social behaviors of ants with those of other insects

(B) To emphasize the dangers that all insects encounter

(D) To indicate a behavior that is common among various kinds of ants

11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) pheromones (line 2)

(B) colony integrity (lines 12)

(D) private messages (lines 18-19)

PASSAGE 86 BBDCC CADBD A

篇2：托福阅读备考之句子插入题技巧

托福阅读备考之句子插入题答题技巧

句子插入问题

很多学生会花很长时间在这个话题上，或者花太多时间。主要原因是每个人都没有想出这个主题背后的核心测试点。如果每个人都关注的是使用这句话的意思来判断应该出现在原始段落中的正确位置，那么将会有一半的情况。接下来，让我们讨论解决此类问题的重要思想。

在分析解决问题的思想之前，首先要明确的是，本课题着重于学生对句子与句子之间逻辑关系的掌握和判断。所以这提醒我们的同学，除了注意这句话的意思之外，我们还试图判断这句话与其前后句子之间的逻辑关系，以帮助每个人确定正确的位置。然后，在我们的句子插入问题中，将在测试中测试什么逻辑关系，这里是对其中一个的简单分析。

参考逻辑

在我们的插入问题中，我们经常会遇到这种类型的句子。在句子的前半部分，将出现代词+名词结构。这意味着在前一句中提到代词后面的名词。而且，我们所能做的就是回到最初的段落来找到该术语中出现的句子。但是，这里需要强调的是，在原始段落中很难找到术语本身，因为一般来说，插入句子中代词之后的名词不会复制原始词，但会使用更一般性。名词或同义词，所以我们在原始文本中寻找的是名词的特定内容。找到包含这样一个词汇表的句子，那么你最初可以假设我们的插入应该放在它之后。

我们可以看一下典型参考逻辑的以下示例。

The findings of these geologists inspired others to examine the rock and fossil records in different parts of the world.

Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils. Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere.It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.

根据我们前面的分析我们在这句插入句中找到了两个代词后的名词，这意味着在这句话前面已经提到过了一些地质学家的发现，而且我们需要注意的是这两个名词都是复数。所以我们需要去寻找原文段落中哪里出现了至少两个地质学家的发现，于是我们找到了如下的位置。

Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent.By following the fossils. Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence.About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris.Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere.It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.

所以我们可以判断这个句子最初应该放在红色句子之后，这是第三个黑盒子的位置。这时我们需要做最后的检查。那么我们如何在将句子插入问题的过程中对其进行测试呢?

当插入句子放在黑盒子位置时，我们可以注意插入句子和后面句子之间的含义和逻辑是否也是真的。我们的感叹句的意思是这些地质学家的发现激励了世界各地的人们检查当地的化石和岩石记录。我们的第三个黑匣子背后的句子是人们很快发现，这种动物进化论不仅建立在英国和法国(前面提到过)，而且几乎遍布世界各地。因此我们可以发现，在我们的句子中提到的测试当地化石岩石的各个地方的人是最终结论的前提条件，也就是说，插入句必须出现在短语的前面，以便我们可以确定我们的题。您应该选择将其放在第三个黑框中。

通过这个典型的简单难度问题，我们对句子插入问题的测试点和解决问题的想法有所了解，因此我们会发现有时我们不需要完全理解每个单词，如果我们可以捕获如果使用关键字判断它与前一句之间的逻辑关系，然后我们也可以知道它的位置。

当然，引用逻辑只是可以在句子插入问题中采用的几种逻辑关系之一。我希望我们将有机会继续了解有关此类主题的更多信息。

托福阅读影响速度的因素

影响托福阅读速度的6大恶习：

1、逐字阅读 ---应该采用意群阅读法。

2、回读 ----阅读讲究一气呵成，不要遇到生词，难点就又从头读。容易割裂句子之间的语义关系。

3、指读。用手，笔指着书一行行读。

4、出声阅读。

5、晃头读。

6、心译。

提高托福阅读速度的4大方法：

方法一：快速泛读(fastextensivereading)

这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章，要求读得快，理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额，定额要结合自己的实际，可多可少，例如每天读20页。

方法二：计时阅读(timedreading)

计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳，精力分散反而乏味。

方法三：寻读(Scanning)

寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。

寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。

方法四：略读(skimming)

略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。

略读有下列几个特点：

A.以极快的速度阅读文章，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。

B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。

C.理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。

另外，提醒大家，提高托福阅读速度的同时，考生还需要重视阅读段落中的开头句，结尾句和转折句。托福阅读中的段落都有严密的逻辑关系，读懂了这三个点，托福阅读段的大概意思就比较明确了。

托福阅读备考新手常见的4个问题答疑

1、托福阅读如何使用技巧?

参加托福考试的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生，词汇量在四五千左右，他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词，尤其是分门别类的学科词汇，分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块，学员就会有很多的误解，到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别，对学科词汇只需要认知，对构架词汇需要熟知。在技巧中只需要通过分解句型，由于托福阅读特别长，每个都是长连句分析，把它按照逻辑分解之后，按照关键词，找到重点部分，最后找到简洁的出题主干，就很容易理解了。

2、读托福阅读文章应该使用哪种顺序方法?

读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话，托福和雅思的区别就在于要我们自己去定位，因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的，只是在最后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章，重点读每一段的首末句找到它。

3、托福阅读做题时有哪些常见误区?

大多数同学的问题都在于对句子的理解，尤其是复合句，考生无法理解整个句子，而是会按照个别的单次来分散，造成句子理解的中断。因此考生备考阅读时需要学会把句子分解，去看句子的构架，这样去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中，一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多，要从中找出有效信息就需要对句型有了解，只看独立的词就无法理解意思。

4、托福阅读词汇量过大学六级就能拿高分吗?

考生考过六级之后不一定能在托福上获得高分，六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别。六级的词汇量是考托福起码的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇，这些是需要熟练的。如果有六级词汇的基础，后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。

托福阅读快速提升技巧：速读和扫描

Skimming是只看主要大意的速读。一篇文章的大意是有重点的。比如，当出现first second的这种归类总结的地方，或because，as a result这样的因果关系，或是 but，however的语意转折处，都需要格外留心。托福文章讲述主要观点之后通常会有for example来佐证，如果看懂了主要观点，那么对示例所用的时间和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍阅读文章意图抓住文章大意时是非常重要的。

托福的文章长度大多在300-400字之间。以平均每篇读10分钟计算，按照每分钟阅读150字的速度，一篇文章从头到尾通读，至少需2-3分钟。这可了解文章的大意，但不一定保证读得透彻。在第一遍通读的过程中，考生不要期望每个字都一定要理解，遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思，这样会浪费时间的。只需一直往下看，用前面介绍到的skimming原则，掌握文章的主旨即可。这个过程中，文章的第一段，尤其是每段的第一句话往往起着提纲挈领或起承转合的作用，是阅读时要多留心的地方。

Scanning是“扫描”，但具体到阅读中，大家最熟悉的莫过于查词典时。在有意识地去查某个生词的时候，我们不会去把它所在的页上每一个字都看一遍才找到想要的。几乎眼睛对词典中的一页扫一下，脑中只有要找的字，看到它，其他的地方都像没有看到一样。在托福的阅读中，scanning的技巧在回答问题时，根据题干中问到的内容，在文章中scan，可以帮助考生准确地定位，找到答案。

托福阅读备考之句子插入题答题技巧

篇3：深入解析托福阅读句子插入题

深入解析托福阅读句子插入题

掌握衔接词对解答这类问题非常重要，因为它是理解上下文和这个句子的逻辑关系的核心。衔接词语主要包括代词(指示代词，例如this, these their, it, such, another ，这些通常是上文提到过的，所以可以采用就近原则来做。);关键同义词，重复出现的形容词，副词和名词;表示因果，转折等关系的过渡词语：如，therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary, however 等;递进扩展词：如，furthermore, also, as well, too, in addition, moreover, besides, even, additionally等;结构配对词：如，on the one hand…. on the other hand，some…others，同时还要注意一些表示顺序的词，如first ,second ,third等。

我们来具体来一个例子：1. But there is also another special kind of conversational flow among Southern women that contributed to their writing. 2. Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake.3. Sometimes humorous, sometimes sad; all were as bright as the figures in the fine needlepoint. 4.

Look at the four positions that indicate where the following sentences can be added to the …paragraph of the passage.

These tales included grotesque, comic, and poetic descriptions, character sketches, narratives, gusts of feeling, delicate ironies, and astute observations.

Click on a position to add the sentence to the passage.

A: position 1 B: Position 2 C: Position 3 D: Position 4

接下来再来看看如何解答这道题。理解要插入的句子，These tales included grotesque, comic, and poetic descriptions, character sketches, and narratives, gusts of feeling, delicate ironies, and astute observations. 我们看这个句子是主、谓、宾结构，其中宾语为一些列的并列名词和短语。寻找衔接词，这个句子的衔接词为：These tales。分析这个句子和上下文的关系：位置1 不可能，因为它后面的句子是一个主题型句子，即，提出论点，而我们要插入的句子为一个小点，属于论据。然后看位置2，这里出现了和我们要加入句子一样的信息点Some of their talk took the form of tales and vignettes told for their own sake。显然句子放在位置2是不行的;位置3后面的句子是对其前面句子for their own sake的进一步解释。所以最后只能是位置4了。把这个句带入各个位置。检查每个位置，位置4是最恰当的。

句子插入题的一个本质和一个原则往往被大家忽略，导致失分很多。一个本质---插入句是一句“可有可无”的话。题的出题位置大家比较清楚，一般处于倒数第二题的位置，并且用来出题的段落是大家应该在前面的题目中已经见到过，而之前的题目和文章既然大家理解起来没有出现大的障碍，就说明插入进来的句子是一句可有可无的话。这就要从两个方面来理解了。

何为“可有”?既然插入句能放进原文中去，就说明它和原文是有一定关系的，所以叫“可有”，这也就意味着，插入句的部分含义是在原文中有所重复的。所以我们的重点是回到文中找那部分被重复的句意。例如：

█Watt's steam engine soon showed what it could do. █It liberated industry fromdependence on running water. █The engine eliminated water in the mines by drivingefficient pumps, which m-ade possible deeper and deeper mining. █The ready availability ofcoal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of nighttimeillumination to be discovered in a mill-ennium and a half. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps andflickering candles, a-nd early in the new century, well-to-do Londoners grew accustomed togaslit houses and even streets. Iron manufacturers, which had starved for fuel while dependingon charcoal, also benefited from ever-increasing supplies of coal: b-last furnaces with steam-powered bellows turned out more iron and steel for the new machinery. Steam became themotive force of the Industrial Revolu-tion as coal and iron ore were the raw materials.

(官方真题Official6-Powering the Industrial Revolution)

Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence coul-d be added tothe passage.

The factories did not have to go to the streams when power could come to th-e factories.

Where would the sentence best fit?

在上题中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories did not have to go to the streams”句意便发生了重合。所以我们可以确定，文中第二句话的前后应该是我们可以选择的范围。

何为“可无”?这个便是经常被大家忽略的地方。既然这句话，可以省略，那么这个插入句究竟要符合什么特点呢?还是以上题为例，我们发现 “liberated industry from dependence on running water”和 “The factories didnot have to go to the streams”句意发生了重合，那究竟应该把插入句放在第二个█还是第三个█呢?这时就需要分情况讨论了：

情况1：放在第二个█，也就是说我们认为插入句是和下文有关系，既然要符合“可无”这个本质，所以说插入句必须是对下文概括或者引出。

情况2：放在第三个█，也就是说我们认为插入句是和上文有关系，既然要符合“可无”这个本质，所以说插入句必须是对上文进一步解释。

综合以上两种情况，我们会发现，插入句要么总结引出下文，要么进一步解释上文。所以我们会发现，在插入题中，前一句的叙述范围应该总比后一句大。根据上述内容，也就引出了我们需要注意的一个非常重要的做题原则。

一个原则。在插入题中，句子的叙述顺序遵循从大到小，从抽象到具体的原则。找到重复的句意后，按照大小顺序安置插入句的位置。在上题中，“liberated industry from dependence on running water”的意思是解放了工厂对水流的依赖。 “The factories did not have to go to the streams”的意思是工厂不用去往河流的位置。显然前者说得更概括和抽象，后者更具体，所以按照从大到小的顺序，应该选择第二个█。

托福阅读：基本题型

要点：

an academic environment---越来越偏向于学术的讨论，越来越像IELTS的Academic类考试

reading---a variety of different subjects

passages---3 different categories based on author purpose:

1. Exposition

2. Argumentation

3. Historical

你需要了解general organization of the passage

.classification

.comparison/contrast

.cause/effect

.problem/solution

每篇阅读的平均字数是700，当然根据考试的实际情况，可多可少

iBT的阅读有10种题型，下面我们一种一种的来回顾：

经验：

第1、5种题型，占的分量最多，难度也不大，要保证一个也不错

第9种和第10种题目，难度最大，想取得高分，必须要多做综合练习

剩下的题型也很重要，想取得高分，一个都不能少

1. Factual Information Questions

这样的题目，一般来说mentioned only in part of the passage. 答题的信息就在段落的1，2句话中。

技巧：你不可能在第一遍阅读的时候，就找到正确答案，需要看题目以后，回头再找;排出那些本身就很矛盾的选项;千万不要因为你看这某个单词或者句子在段落中出现过，就选择那个选项，一定要回答问题。

2. Negative Factual Information Questions

做这样的题目，你首先需要对定位：locate the relevant info. in the passage

注意：这种问题你要选择的正确答案，是那个不正确的，问题里面会明确的指出：which one is NOT true

技巧：选项里面的答案，可能叙述了一段的意思，也可能叙述了好几段

正确的那个答案，要么是直接和文章的意思矛盾，要么是文章里面没有提到的。

3. Inference Questions

注意的字眼，是infer, imply, inferred

技巧: 正确的答案,必须是从文章已给内容推出的,特别注意

4. Rhetorical Purpose Questions

Rhetorical is the art of speaking or writing effectively.

他不关心作者说了什么,关心的是作者为什么要这样说

技巧: 注意字眼definintion, example, to illustrate, to explain, to contrast, to refute, to note, to criticize, function of

这样的题目尤其会侧重句子还有段落之间的逻辑联系

5. Vocabulary Questions

大家不要太在意这个单词在字典里面什么意思，最重要的是，这个单词在文章里面的意思：in the reading passage, only one of the meanings of a work is relevant

技巧：问题是问你单词在文章里面的意思，再次强调

6. Reference Questions

这样的问题，主要是问你代词指代的内容是什么[根据我观察的经验，代词指代的东西，一般来说就在你这个代词的前面，或者隔了1个短语，不会太远：...AAAAA, BBB, CCC, X.X.X...一般来说， X.X.X不是指代C就是指代B，不会跑太远。

技巧：代词， pronoun, 在选择以后，检查答案的时候，一定要注意一致性：the same number: singular or plural; case: first person, second person, third person

当你选择了答案以后，你的选择会不会违反语法原则，并且会不会有意义

7. Sentence Simplification Questions

并不是每一篇文章都有这样的题目，如果有，一篇文章最多只有1个

8. Insert Text Questions

不是每篇阅读都有这样的题目，如果有，一篇文章最多只有1个

技巧：从文章结构下手， structure; 从逻辑下手， logic

尤其注意逻辑的链接单词和语句，例子：on the other hand, for example, on the contrary, similiary, in contrast, further or furthermore, therefore, in other words, as a resule, finally一定要注意，你插入的语句，一定要承上启下，即对前面的语句负责，又对后面的语句负责。

新托福，总要有他新的地方，阅读方面，第9，第10种类型的题目，就是他新颖的地方，也是比较难的2种题目。

9. Prose Summary Questions

正确的答案， will synthesize major ideas in the passage

你将会碰到6选3的情况，最低得分0分，最高得分2分：选择0正确答案，或者1个正确答案，0分;选择2个正确答案，1分;选择3个所有的正确答案，2分。

做这种归纳的题目，最重要的是，你要通篇的阅读，不能偷懒。

根据我的经验，技巧有2点：1.区别例子和主旨，例子是用来说明主旨的，例子不是主旨; 2. 局限性的答案一定是错误的，主旨是让你找到major oint, 千万不要让minor给迷惑了。

10. Fill in a Table Questions

这种题目，就是题目给了你几个空，让你把正确的答案拖到相应的位置，需要通篇阅读，不简单。

关键是你要明白几种关系：cause-effect relationships, compare-contrast relationships, arguements, and the like.

也可以称作文章的组织关系,types of organization: compare/contrast, problem/solution, cause/effect, alternative arguements(such as theories, hypotheses), and the like

在真实考试的时候：drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. to view the passage, click on View Text.

知道这10个题目的类型，剩下的就是方法论，methodoly的问题，我们怎样针对这10种题型，在平时的学习和阅读当中，可以的训练自己：

主旨：最好的培养阅读的方法，就是多去阅读，而且要阅读各种不同题材的文章，科学的，社科类的，艺术的，商务的，等等。还有一点需要特别强调的，就是阅读的那些文章，需要是学术的文章，不能是乱七八糟的随笔。

托福阅读：重要的背景知识

一、印第安题材

1.白令海峡移民理论

2.印第安文化

3.印第安宗教观

4.印第安建筑业：大、先进。

5.印第安手工业：好。

6.社会组织结构：严密、分工细、凝聚力强。

7.农业先进：A. irrigation; B. maize, squash, bean, pea。

二、动植物题材(必考)

1.植物学题材(不多见)

a. 地衣、苔、真菌、蘑菇最常见。

b. 树冠上方生物。

c. 植物在生态平衡中的作用。

2.动物学题材(90%以上)

a. 考普通动物为多。最近常考鸟类、蚂蚁、动物智能与灭绝(联系天文学与冰河理论)。

b. 考动物进化(evolution)。

c. 考动物的分类(classification)。

phyla(单数phylum) —门 class—纲 order—目 family—科 genus—属 species—种 carnivore/predator—食肉动物 herbivore—食草动物 omnivore—杂食动物

d. 动物的生活习性最为多见。

群居(social animal)动物的习性

a) 蚂蚁：社会组织结构—等级制(caste)：交流方式—信息素—气味;生活来源;外来物种的有害性。

b) 蜜蜂：群居个性; “8”字舞;蜜蜂智能;防御;天敌—大黄蜂。

c) 大猩猩：智能：猩际关系

k) 迁徙 (migration )

野鸭、大雁：日照长短;辨别方向。

伪装 (camouflage)、花拟态(mimicry )

三、考古学(archaeology)题材

1.文化(cultural ) 考古学

形态(physical)考古学(多见)

2.化石(fossil )

j 化石构成。化石比原物更沉重 (矿物质环境)

k 化石形成原因。坚硬物质，迅速掩埋。

l 化石与动物的进化关系。

3.人的左右手

j 使用工具。证据：敲击的划痕;手柄的形状。

k 牙齿上的划痕。

l 大脑左右半球的大小差别;趾骨的粗细差别。

m 作画时人像的方向

4.古代陶瓷的考古。

Clay, model, wheel (转盘 )， glaze, kiln

5.古代文字的考古。

四、美国历史题材

1.美国发展线索

j 发现美洲阶段

哥伦布(意)，为黄金、茶叶、香料

West/East Indian

影响：世界观变化;国家形势变化;(爱尔兰——土豆饥荒 )

k 英国定居阶段(English settlement )

1607第一个定居点Captain John Smith影响清教徒

1620五月花号

l 殖民时期(colonial era )

m 独立战争(American Revolution )

n 新的国家(new nation)：南北不均衡

o 南北战争(Civil War )

p 战后重建。持续近1。

q 西进运动 (Westward movement )

r 工业化大增长

s world war I & II

End ：1960

2.“大熔炉”：地理位置;民族融合1960’s;文化融合。

3.邮政。j 快递;k 铁路邮政。

五、地理学题材

1.地理现象、土壤构成、降雪降雨。

2.冰川(glacier)、形成(foundation) à移动冰川(surge glacier )à危险

3.地球构成：地心构成

M计划、DSDP(deep sea drill project )计划、地震波探测à 超高温高压

地壳 (crust)

地幔(mantle ) upper mantle; lower mantle

地核 (core)

4.板块构成学说

converge 碰撞; spread 张裂

mantle plume 地粒、热点; a dive into b ; slide past each other

六、天文学题材

多考木星、太阳，近期多考彗星、小行星。

1.宇宙 (universe、cosmos) à 星系(galaxy )，星云(nebulae) à 恒星 (star、sun ) à 行星 (planet)à卫星 (satellite、moon )à 小行星(asteroid à 彗星(comet ) à陨星 (meteorite)

2.八大行星

Mercury —水星，Venus—金星，earth—地球， Mars—火星，Jupiter —木星，Saturn —土星，Uranus —天王星，Neptune — 海王星(第九大行星Pluto —-冥王星已被天文学界逐出行星之列)

3.物质粒子

molecule —分子，particle —粒子，proton—质子，electron —电子， neutron —中子，photon —光子，ion —离子

7.文学、艺术题材

1.文学

j 文学流派;k 作家、作品; l 文学体裁; m 作家生平。

2.艺术

j 流派，主考画派、雕塑

k 发展：19世界以前美国落后，之后改善原因：经济发达。

l 改善方法：向欧洲，尤其是英法学习。

m 艺术品向英法进口：当地没有; 生产技术水平落后。

托福阅读

篇4：深入解析托福阅读句子插入题

深入解析托福阅读句子插入题

句子插入题是托福阅读十大题型之一，从句子层面考察考生对句间逻辑关系、段落大意的理解和把握。这类题目是给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应加入一个段落中四个方块的哪个部分,用鼠标双击所选的黑色方块即可。做这类题目的关键首先是理解该句子，寻找其中的衔接词，分析这个句子的特点和其在文中的作用，然后把这个句子带入原文中检验其是否合适。

Look at the four positions that indicate where the following sentences can be added to the …paragraph of the passage.

These tales included grotesque, comic, and poetic descriptions, character sketches, narratives, gusts of feeling, delicate ironies, and astute observations.

Click on a position to add the sentence to the passage.

A: position 1 B: Position 2 C: Position 3 D: Position 4

(官方真题Official6-Powering the Industrial Revolution)

Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence coul-d be added tothe passage.

The factories did not have to go to the streams when power could come to th-e factories.

Where would the sentence best fit?

情况1：放在第二个█，也就是说我们认为插入句是和下文有关系，既然要符合“可无”这个本质，所以说插入句必须是对下文概括或者引出。

情况2：放在第三个█，也就是说我们认为插入句是和上文有关系，既然要符合“可无”这个本质，所以说插入句必须是对上文进一步解释。

怎样Hold住托福阅读中的生词

在托福阅读中遇到生词，对理解无大碍者可一跃而过。只有难以推测的生词才借助词典。但过多依赖词典会打断托福阅读思路，影响速度及理解，这就需要学生会猜词。本文小编将告诉大家如何应对托福阅读生词。

可这不是说平时阅读一涉及到托福阅读生词便去猜测，如有条件使用词典，同学们还是应该将不会的生词一一查明，并加以记忆。只有这样才能扩充我们的词汇量，提高阅读理解能力。猜词可有多种方法，下面介绍几种常用且准确性高的方法，同样也适合在托福阅读考试中。

一、托福阅读利用上下文线索猜测词义

1、根据同义、反义关系猜词

Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.

A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy

traditional与liberal意思相反，故选B。

[推荐：英美主要报刊杂志资站大全篇]

2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义

Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing

together with them or laughed at them.

A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated

根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为“感到孤立”，故选D。

托福阅读真题训练1

The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.

The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.

Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which the plover escapes is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.

The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the useless wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between flight attempts is directed away from the nest.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers

(B) How predators search for plovers

(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators

2. The word merely in fine 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) often

(B) only

(D) at first

3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?

(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.

(B) They are generally defenseless when away from their nests.

(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.

4. The word emitting in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) bringing

(B) attracting

(D) minimizing

5. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2, the plover tries to

(A) stay close to her nest

(B) attract the predator's attention

(D) frighten the approaching predator

6. The word spanning in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) covering

(B) selecting

(D) explaining

7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the

appearance that it is frightened?

(A) Abnormal body position

(B) Irregular escape route

(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest

8. The word pursue in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) catch

(B) notice

(D) chase

9. According to the passage , a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques

EXCEPT

(A) appearing to be injured

(B) sounding like another animal

(D) pretending to sit on her eggs

10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage ?

(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building

(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples

(D) A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator

PASSAGE 63 CBDCB ABDCB

托福阅读真题训练2

PASSAGE 64

What unusual or unique biological trait led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.

Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.

What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.

1. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?

(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?

(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?

(D) Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?

2. The word unique in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) inherited

(B) habitual

(D) natural

3. The word rotting in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) decaying

(B) collected

(D) cultivated

4. The word key in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) uncommon

(B) important

(D) temporary

5. According to the passage , one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from

(A) one type of food consumption to another

(B) one environment to another

(D) a defensive to an offensive stance

6. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate

(A) the advantages of specialization

(B) the type of food that larvae are fed

(D) the different stages of ant development

7. The author uses the word Hence in line 16 to indicate

(A) a logical conclusion

(B) the next step in a senes of steps

(D) the relationship among ants

8. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT

(A) eusocial (line 3)

(B) series-parallel sequence (line 13)

(D) predators (line 23)

9. The word they in line 25 refers to

(A) termites

(B) ants

(D) predators

10. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is

that termites

(A) live above ground

(B) are eusocial

(D) eat almost no animal substances

PASSAGE 64 DCABC AACAD

篇5：托福阅读句子插入题解题技巧

托福阅读句子插入题解题策略

1、如果是段落之前的空，那么错误率高达百分之九十九，因为每个段的第一句往往是段落的中心句，如果把第一句内容改变了，同样也是改变了整个句子甚至段落的意思。但两段式的插入句子。第二个段落前面或者第一个段落后面的空格往往最容易是正确的。

2、空格后面出现代词“this, these, that, those, he, she,they, it, such, each, other, one, another, both, each,anybody, none, some, any”等，一般都是错的，因为代词不能跨距，如果在代词的前面加入了一句话，那么就会改变代词的指代对象。但也并不绝对，如果概念只有一个主语，其他格局出现连续指代前句，就无法排除后又代词的选项，这就是例外情况。

3、被插入的句子中如果存在指代关系，如“this, these, that, those, he, she, they, it, such, each, other, one,another, both, each, anybody, none, some, any”等，建议不选择整段最前面的空格，主要是因为插入句本身无足轻重的地位，一般不会考察段落之间的承接关系。但要明确一点，两段式插入句子除外。

4、正确的答案优先考虑段落最后的空，并不是最后一个空格，而是空格在段落的最后。因为是放在段尾的，本身对文章没有过多的印象，所以优先考虑。

5、如果空格后出现时间点，而句子又不是在强调某件事，所以一般不建议选择，时间一般和前句所发生的时间衔接较为紧密，不可拆分。

6、空格后如果出现表示转折、因果、递进等衔接词，那么这个空格可以作为次要考虑的最佳位置。因为插入句承起不到那么强悍的、连接句间逻辑关系作用的!但经过详细排查位置之后，无奈之下但能对应或前或后的信息，则可以插入。

7、插入句中如果出现积极或消极概念，有两种可能，第一、插入句为消极和前句构成转折对立，则前一句存在积极概念;第二、插入句和前句构成递进解释，则前一句为存在消极概念。

8、举例之前，问句之前都不作为参考的位置。此外，插入句如果存在表示“也”的内容，那么看第一次出现“也”后面的内容或者概念。

托福阅读备考必背的短语

1. a couple of 两三个，几个

Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.

2. account for 解释

Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance.

3. adapt to 使适应于

They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.

4, adorn with sth 用…装饰

Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.

5.appeal to 吸引

Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults

6.apply to 适用于

Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s.

7.at best 充其量，最多

Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.

8.at intervals 相隔一定距离

However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

9.at the expense of sth 在损害…的情况下

A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.

10.at the height of sth 在…最鼎盛时期

The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.

11.back and forth 来回地

They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.

12.be absent from 缺席，不在

Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women line were not considered an important force in history.

13.be capable of 能…的

Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.

14. be characterized by 以…为特征

The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow, dorsal nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement, the brain.

15.be composed of 由…组成

Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

16.be concerned with 与某事物有关

Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history.

17.be distinct from 与…不同

Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets

18.be essential to 对…不可缺少

Public performance is essential to verbal art.

19.be exposed to 使接触，使遭受

Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.

20.be far from 离…很远，根本不是

But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration.

托福阅读词汇题怎么寻找线索

很多同学在面对托福阅读考试中的词汇题的时候，都感觉比较苦恼。想要更好的解答这类题型，大家除了基本的练习之外，还要学会寻找线索，即使我们不能理解到词汇的意思，也能够利用技巧，来辅助我们更好的解答题型。

在托福阅读文章中被考到的单词或短语会被用阴影标识出来

☆ In the case of a word, the question might be :

The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to

☆ In the case of a phrase, the question might be :

In stating X, the author means that

The phrase X in the passage is closest in meaning to

其中，以第一种形式，也就是考察考生某单词在文章上下文中意思的问题类型最为常见。

那么，该如何答题：

1. 在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。

2. 仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。

3. 在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。

4. 选择答案，并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验，以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。

选择答案时，不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一个词义。

如何利用各种托福阅读词汇题线索

☆ 结构线索(即指明句子中各成分之间关系的特定单词、短语和语法结构)

1. 对比

Example: OG Practice Set 5, question 6

Passage 5: In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed…

The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ made progress

○ became active

○ caused changes

○ combined forces

解析：单词readily所在的文章句子中出现转折词but, 根据文章中but后面的内容我们可以得出短语gathered some momentum在此句中的意思为made progress。

2. 例子

Example: OG Practice Set 4, question 10

Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ mistrust

○ misinterpret

○ criticize

○ resent

解析：distort所在的文章句子后出现“for example”, 根据for example中的内容，我们可以得出distort在此句中的意思为misinterpret。

新托福阅读真题分享

托福阅读部分也是托福考试的重要组成部分，因此阅读部分如果能够拿到高分，那么对于我们整体分数的提升，都有很大的帮助。为大家整理了9月8日的托福阅读考试的题目回忆，希望对大家的备考有更好的帮助。

托福阅读考试日期：

9月8日

新托福阅读题目回忆：

学科分类：植物学

题目：松树有关

内容回忆：美国有一种生命力很强的松树可以长在别的物种都不能生长的岩石上，而且寿命很长，并且可以通过年轮测树龄

托福阅读句子插入题解题策略

篇6：托福阅读句子插入题如何应对

托福阅读句子插入题如何应对?解题关键思路技巧精讲

托福阅读句子插入提解题核心分析

托福阅读插入题实例介绍

Paragraph 6:■Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths andwater is forced in and over their gills. ■Accordingly, they have lost most ofthe muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills.■In fact , tunas must swim to breathe. ■They must also keep swimming to keepfrom sinking, since most have largely or complete ly lost the swim bladder, thegas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.

Look at the foursquares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to thepassage.

Consequently,tunas do not need to suck in water.

Where would the sentence best fit?

托福阅读材料练习：珍惜时间

if the real work that needs doing is offline， disable the internet for an

hour at a time.

如果这件事情不需要上网就可以完成，把网断掉。

turn email checks into an hourly habit， not an “as the box gets mail”

habit.

延长查看电子邮件的周期。

don’t answer your cell phone when working on something important. call back

later.

如果手头的工作很重要，工作期间不要接电话，回头再打过去就是了。

if you can’t work at work， negotiate finding a new place to get things

done.

如果你的工作环境让你不能工作，换个没人打扰的地方。

television means： “i don’t need this time and it doesn’t matter to me.”

(almost always. really.)

看电视意味着“这段时间我浪费了也无所谓”。

budget your entertainment time vs. production time. never cheat the other.

托福阅读中的语法知

一、代词

在英语中，为使表达简洁，常用代词指代句中出现过的名词。代词和指代对象在人称和数方面保持一致。如出现Mary，则代词只能是she(主格)或her(宾格);如指代对象是students，则代词只能是they(主格)或them(宾格)。这只是代词指代的基本常识。

二、形容词

形容词修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。形容词是修饰回答像“what kind of” 或 “which?” 或 “whose?” 这类的问题。在使用时要注意与副词的区分。

1)以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly， deadly， lovely， lonely， likely， lively， ugly， brotherly

2)以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词：daily， weekly， monthly， yearly， early

三、副词

副词通常修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。(它也可以修饰另一个副词或一个形容词，但是这种情况托福阅读考试里是比较少见的。)副词经常回答“how?”

正确的位置：

1) 在动词之前;在be动词、助动词之后。

2) 有多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

3) 方式副词well， badly， hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well。

另外，

1) 副词very可修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。

I very like English. (×)

I like English very much. (√)

2) 副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

四、主谓一致

在英语句子里谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

五、比较

当比较两个事物时，用比较级，也就是-er形式或者用修饰词less和more。当比较多于两个以上的事物时，用级，也就是-est形式或者做most和least 修饰。

六、双重否定

在很多语言里.双重否定是正确的(如汉语)。而在英语里，双重否定是错误的。留意像“not none”，“hardly none”和“not never”这样的双重否定。

七、并列结构

并列在一起的一系列的词或词组必须使用同样的形式。例如，你不能说：“I was smiling，laughing and flirted.”而应该说：“I was smiling，laughing and flirting.”这种结构里的一系列的词或词组可以是名涧、动词、形容词或者副词。

八、措辞错误

措辞错误讲的是常常被用错的词、这些词包括its/it's，affect/effect，lie/lay等其它词。措辞错误会令读者困饶。如果你在作文里犯了—个这样的错误，考官会马上注意到。如果你不能确定如问用这些的词的话,就不用它们。可是如果你知道如何用它们，那就放心地用，考官将会对你有深刻的印象。

九、介词和介词短语

记忆并学会识别像of这些常用介问。某些介词总是能够和某些词共同构成词组。例如，可以说：you have a percentage of something，而不能说：a percentage with something.介词引导介词短语,(像of the mountains或down the

street)。考生要会辨认介词短语,这样你可以在辨别主谓是否一致时不受介词短语的干扰。介词后面经常跟着以ng结尾的词(这些词叫做动名词——gerunds)，例如He won by running faster.

托福阅读材料练习

平衡你的娱乐和工作时间。

examine every opportunity along the lines of time vs. projects already

underway.

时时检查你的时间安排和现在已经进行中的项目。

try working part of your day in “off-hour” times， to get more done with

fewer people around.

以小时为单位划分你的工作时间，用更少的人做更多的事情。

专心的窍门

write your goals clearly. post them in eyeball view of where you work

most.

清楚的写下你的目标。放在你的眼皮底下。

spend time with focused people. meet and befriend those who are where you

want to be.

多和专心工作的人在一起。

consume as much material about your prime focus as you can budget.

尽量把资源用在主要目标上，把时间花在刀刃上。

analyze your past experiences. be clear. list your successes. examine your

failures.

回顾总结以往的成功和失败经验。

stay true to a particular vision of what you want to do.

清楚明白你想要得到的是什么。

don’t give up too early.

不要太容易放弃。

envision your success. write about it. then read that daily or weekly.

想象一下成功后的样子，写下来，每天读读。

learn how to “chunk.” hit each milestone and move to the next. be

methodical.

学会把大事划分为几个阶段，完成一个阶段，再进入下一个。

develop habits around success and drive.

养成好习惯。

recharge your batteries with good sleep and food.

吃好睡足。

develop your relationship with your family. it nourishes the other goals.

维持家庭关系。这是你完成其它工作的保障。

托福阅读高分必知的策略

一：控制时间、全篇把握

新托福考试的阅读部分约为60分钟，包括3篇文章，总分为42至45分。每个650到750个单词，每个对应11到13个问题。问题类型包括：图表问题，章节摘要问题(选择可以从给定选项中总结文章内容的句子)，转换措辞问题，词汇问题(在特定情境中)，引用关系问题，简化句子问题，插入文本问题，事实信息问题，推理问题，修辞问题和否定排除问题(例如，正确排除以下项目)。在完成答案的过程中，考生可以使用“复习”功能即时找出未答复的问题，而无需通过每个问题。

二：把握阅读得分要点

在新的托福考试中，很多考生倾向于忽视阅读，因为在各种英语考试中，大多数人会觉得阅读是他们的力量。然而，这种看法不一定准确。很多考生认为阅读是好的，实际得分只有22分左右，甚至更低。阅读高水平的ETS评分为22-30分。事实上，如果阅读量低于25分，那么获得总分超过100分会更加困难，因为这相当于将赚取积分的压力转移到大多数人的听力，口语和写作能力上。可以看出，阅读高分是获得托福成绩超过百分之一的保证!

三：细节题考查定位

托福阅读的细节并不难，但前提是定位点是正确的。新托福的是候选人的定位能力。在这方面，候选人必须更加小心，并且必须准确定位，否则很容易丢失分数，因此候选人的细节定位的准确性成为得分的关键。

四：无方向中隐藏方向

新托福阅读测试中的大多数问题都是针对特定的段落，这将为候选人节省大量时间。然而，并不排除少数主题相对较大或相对模糊，并且候选者在搜索答案时不可避免地混淆，这是耗时且费力的。事实上，这些看似未定义的方向是隐藏的。